Figure 5.

TMEM232 affects the formation of the ODF structures. (A) Immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against α-tubulin (green) and ODF2 (red) was performed on individual sperm. (B) SEM analyses of epididymal spermatozoa from WT and Tmem232 KO mice. WT showed normal mitochondrial sheaths and fibrous sheaths (a). Tmem232 KO mice displayed extrusions of ODFs and microtubule doublets ((b–d) red arrowhead). (C) FLAG-Odf1 and HA-Tmem232 were co-transfected into HEK293T cells. After 48 h, the cells were gathered for immunoprecipitation with anti-FLAG antibody and examined with FLAG and HA antibodies. The tests were independently conducted thrice with similar results.