Table 2.
Summary of described histone modifications.
| Source | Modification | Modifying Agent | Proposed Downstream Mechanism | Resulting Cellular Changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [33] | H2A monoubiquitination | ALKBH5 | Increased USP22 and RNF 40 expression | Increased cell viability, cell proliferation, and migration |
| [35] | Decreased H3K27me3 | KDM6B | LDHA overexpression | Increased metastasis |
| [36] | Decreased H3K27me3 | KDM6A/KDM6B | PRCKA overexpression | Cisplatin resistance and decreased apoptosis |
| [39] | Decreased H4K20 me3 | decreased SUV420H2 expression | Multiple signaling pathways | Not studied |
| [40] | Modified H3K36me3 | SETD2 | Not studied | |
| [42] | Increased H3T3ph | Sirt1 | Increased ATG 5/13/14 expression | Increased autophagy |
| [45] | Decreased HDAC2 and DNAMT3a | Treatment with VPA and 5-Aza | Increased stem cell factors (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and CD133) | Increased stem cell phenotype, cell proliferation, and migration |
| [47] | Decreased H3K9me2 and increased PTEN methylation | G9a and DNMT3B | Suppressed PTEN signaling | Malignant BM-MSC transformation |