Table 3.
Summary of described non-coding RNA modifications.
| Source | Modification | Proposed Downstream Mechanism | Resulting Cellular Changes |
|---|---|---|---|
| [50] | Increased lncRNA MALAT and SNHG20 | Histone modifications | Not studied |
| [52,54] | Increased lncRNA PVT1 | Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and miR-486 suppression | Increased metastasis, cell proliferation, and migration |
| [53] | Decreased LINC00619 | HGF-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway activation | Decreased apoptosis, increased cell migration, and invasion |
| [55] | Decreased lncRNA SERTAD 1/2/3 | Increased miR-29c activity | Increased metastasis |
| [56] | Increased lncRNA KCNQ1AT1 | Decreased miR-34c-5p-meditated ALDOA | Aerobic glycolysis |
| [57] | Increased lncRNA HCG9 | Decreased miR-34-3p activity | Decreased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, increased cell proliferation, and invasion |
| [58] | Increased lncRNA HNF1A-AS1 | Increased HMGB1 expression via miR-32-5p suppression | Decreased apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion |
| [59] | Increased lncRNA CRNDE | Decreased miR-335-3p | Increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion |
| [60] | Increased lncRNA MEG3 | Increased AKT2 expression via miR-200b-3p suppression | Doxorubicin resistance |
| [61] | Increased lncRNA ARSR | MRP1 expression | Multidrug resistance |
| [62] | Decreased lncRNA PWRN1 | Chemoresistance and increased cell proliferation | |
| [63] | Increased lncRNA PARTICLE | Decreased WWOX expression | Not studied |
| [65] | Decreased miR-433-3p | Increased FBXO22 expression | Decreased apoptosis led to increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion |
| [66] | Decreased miRNA-223-3p | Increased CHD6 expression | Increased cell migration and invasion |
| [67] | Decreased miR-451a | AKT/mTOR pathway activation | Decreased apoptosis, increased migration, and colony-forming ability |
| [69] | Increased CircECE1 | Interacts with C-Myc to inhibit TXNIP transcription | Warburg effect activation, increased cell proliferation, and metastasis |
| [70] | Increased circ_001422 | Increased FGF2 and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation | Decreased apoptosis, increased proliferation, and metastasis |
| [71] | Increased cir-ITCHI | EGFR pathway activation via miR-7 silencing | Increased metastasis and cell growth |
| [72] | Decreased circMTO1 | KLF6 suppression via increased miR-630 | Decreased apoptosis, decreased cell migration, and invasion |