Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics at diagnosis included in studies without a comparator.
| Bladé 1996 [7] |
Shin 2017 [10] |
Ravi 2018 [11] |
Yanamandra 2018 [12] |
Jurczyszyn 2019 [13] |
Pál 2020 [14] |
Duek 2021 [15] |
Caulier 2021 [16] |
Bao 2022 [17] |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 72 | 32 | 212 | 40 | 52 | 16 | 23 | 214 | 258 |
| Country | USA | South Korea | USA | India | Europe, USA, Brazil, Hong Kong | Hungary | Israel | France, Belgium | USA |
| Years of diagnosis | 1956–1992 | 2000–2015 | 2005–2015 | 2010–2015 | 1989–2016 | 2006–2015 | 2009–2014 | 2000–2015 | 1992–2019 |
| Patients’ age (years) | <40 | ≤40 | ≤50 | <40 | ≤30 | ≤40 | <50 | ≤40 | <50 |
| Median age (range) | 36 (19–39) | 37 (17–40) | 45 (22–49) | 38 (18–39) | 28 (8–30) | 39 (31–40) | 41.5 (27–49) | 37.2 (18.6–40.9) | 46 (17–50) |
| Male/female | 50/22 | 19/13 | 129/83 | 26/14 | 35/17 | 10/6 | 17/6 | 137/77 | 165/93 |
| ISS | |||||||||
| I | NA | 10/31 (32) | 74/212 (35) b | 5/40 (13) | 32/47 (68) | 7/16 (44) | 5/14 (36) | 99/189 (52) | 89/212 (42) |
| II | NA | 15/31 (48) | 46/212 (22) b | 7/40 (18) | 7/47 (15) | 5/16 (31) | 6/14 (43) | 52/189 (28) | 66/212 (31) |
| III | NA | 6/31 (19) | 48/212 (23) b | 28/40 (70) | 8/47 (17) | 4/16 (25) | 3/14 (21) | 38/189 (20) | 57/212 (27) |
| Disease features at diagnosis | |||||||||
| Anemia (<100 g/L) | NA | 9/31 (29) | NA | 21/40 (53) | 13/43 (30) | 2/16 (13) | 6/18 (33) | 71/202 (35) | NA |
| Kidney disease a | 15/52 (29) | 4/32 (13) | NA | 12/40 (30) | 4/22 (18) | 2/16 (13) | 3/18 (17) | 34/200 (17) | NA |
| Low albumin a | 8/49 (16) | 9/32 (28) | NA | NA | 11/41 (27) | NA | 8/18 (44) | NA | NA |
| Hypercalcemia a | 16/53 (30) | 9/32 (28) | NA | 9/37 (24) | 6/42 (14) | 3/16 (19) | 1/18 (6) | 25/195 (13) | NA |
| Lytic bone lesions | 44/65 (68) | 27/31 (87) | NA | 16/37 (59) | 36/44 (82) | 14/16 (88) | 16/18 (89) | 149/200 (75) | NA |
| Elevated ß2MG a | 18/33 (55) | 14/29 (48) | NA | NA | 11/41 (27) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Protein isotype | |||||||||
| Heavy chain | NA | ||||||||
| IgG | 34/66 (51) | 14/30 (47) | NA | (76) | 27/49 (55) | 8/16 (50) | 11/22 (50) | 130/162 (80) | 121/258 (47) |
| IgA | 7/66 (11) | 5/30 (17) | NA | (11) | 9/49 (18) | 3/16 (19) | 2/22 (9) | 28/162 (17) | 53/258 (21) |
| IgD | 4/66 (6) | 2/30 (7) | NA | NA | NA | 0/16 (0) | NA | 3/162 (2) | NA |
| IgM | NA | NA | NA | (3) | NA | 0/16 (0) | NA | 1/162 (0.6) | NA |
| Light chain only | 21/66 (32) | 9/30 (30) | NA | (11) | 11/49 (22) | 3/16 (19) | 10/22 (45) c | 51/213 (24) | 72/258 (28) |
a Variable cut-off; b Numbers not adding to 100% due to missing data; c One case with isotypes IgG kappa and free lambda; Abbreviations: ß2MG: Beta-2 microglobulin; ISS: International Staging System; NA: not available. Numbers in parentheses represent percentages.