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. 2023 Jun 14;12(12):1629. doi: 10.3390/cells12121629

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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circRNA biogenesis is shown schematically. The production of circRNAs is possible by a direct backsplicing mechanism in which intronic reverse complementary sequences or RNA-binding protein (RBP) pairing, which brings the sequences close together to promote circularization and drive circularization. CircRNAs can also be produced by a mechanism called lariat-driven, which is characterized by a lariat structure with flanking sequences that help produce circRNAs. circRNAs are exported via the nuclear pore, act as mRNA sponges (CircHRCR, CircZNF609, CircNrg), stabilize protein complexes (USP36, CircLrp6, CircNrg1), and are involved in other functions.