Table 1.
Blood D-lactate levels in mmol/L in different diseases. D-lactate was measured with different laboratory assays.
| Disease | Frist Author | Study Group | Blood D-Lactate Levels [mmol/L] |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBD | Yang [53] | Group A (mesalazine) | |
| Before treatment | 7.18 ± 0.77 | ||
| After treatment | 5.48 ± 0.63 | ||
| Group B (mesalazine + rifaximin) | |||
| Before treatment | 7.22 ± 0.87 | ||
| After treatment | 3.22 ± 0.38 | ||
| Song [54] | UC | 0.07 ± 0.03 | |
| CD | 0.07 ± 0.03 | ||
| Controls | 0.01 ± 0.01 | ||
| Cai [55] | Active CD | 0.18 ± 0.05 | |
| Remission | 0.12 ± 0.04 | ||
| Controls | 0.11 ± 0.04 | ||
| Appendicitis | Demircan [57] * | Perforated appendicitis | 0.44 ± 0.08 |
| Non-perforated appendicitis | 0.16 ± 0.04 | ||
| Controls | 0.05 ± 0.02 | ||
| Caglayan [58] | Edematous appendicitis | 0.72 ± 0.54 | |
| Flegmaneous appendicitis | 0.72 ± 0.56 | ||
| Perforated appendicitis | 0.43 ± 0.14 | ||
| Controls | 0.01 ± 0.01 | ||
| Filiz [59] | Acute appendicitis | 0.53 ± 0.02 | |
| Perforated acute appendicitis | 0.61 ± 0.02 | ||
| Nonspecific abdominal pain | 0.20 ± 0.01 | ||
| Acute abdomen other than appendicitis | 0.19 ± 0.01 | ||
| Controls | 0.18 ± 0.01 | ||
| Duzgun [60] | Edematous appendicitis | 1.12 ± 0.5 | |
| Flegmaneous appendicitis | 1.77 ± 1.3 | ||
| Gangrenous appendicitis | 1.65 ± 1.0 | ||
| No appendicitis | 0.40 ± 0.30 | ||
| Kwan [61] * | Definitive appendicitis | 0.3 ± 0.4 | |
| No definitive appendicitis | 0.3 ± 0.5 | ||
| Intestinal ischemia | Murray [62] | Mesenteric ischemia | 0.36 ± 0.04 |
| Bowel obstruction | 0.12 ± 0.02 | ||
| Acute abdomen | 0.11 ± 0.04 | ||
| Controls | 0.05 ± 0.01 | ||
| Poeze [63] | Septic survivors | ||
| Admission | 0.09 ± 0.11 | ||
| 24 h | 0.11 ± 0.11 | ||
| Septic nonsurvivors | |||
| Admission | 0.11 ± 0.14 | ||
| 24 h | 0.24 ± 0.12 | ||
| Jorgensen [64] | Septic survivors, mean [range] | 0.3 [0–0.6] | |
| Septic nonsurvivors, mean [range] | 0.4 [0.1–0.7] | ||
| Controls, mean [range] | 0.03 [0–0.13] | ||
| Liver disease | Ruan [71] | Liver cirrhosis | 0.15 ± 0.1 |
| Controls | 0.01 ± 0.01 | ||
| Zhang [73] | Without MAFLD, median (IQR) | 0.15 (0.09–0.19) | |
| With MAFLD, median (IQR) | 0.26 (0.2–0.39) | ||
| Cystic fibrosis | Wiecek [76] * | Cystic fibrosis with pancreatic insufficiency, median (IQR) | 12 × 10−3 (8–13 × 10−3) |
| Cystic fibrosis without pancreatic insufficiency, median (IQR) |
8 × 10−3 (7–10 × 10−3) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | Talasniemi [3] | DM | 40 × 10−3 ± 24 × 10−3 |
| Hasegawa [77] | DM | 28 × 10−3 ± 4 × 10−3 | |
| Controls | 13 × 10−3 ± 1 × 10−3 | ||
| McLellan [78] | T1DM and T2DM | 20 × 10−3 ± 1 × 10−3 | |
| Controls | 11 × 10−3 ± 1 × 10−3 | ||
| Beisswenger [79] | T2DM without metformin | 10 × 10−3 ± 4 × 10−3 | |
| T2DM with metformin ≤1 g/day | 14 × 10−3 ± 8 × 10−3 | ||
| T2DM with metformin >1 g/day | 13 × 10−3 ± 5 × 10−3 | ||
| Controls | 8 × 10−3 ± 3 × 10−3 | ||
| McLellan [83] | T1DM, median (range) | 18 × 10−3 (6–57 × 10−3) | |
| T2DM, median (range) | 20 × 10−3 (3–48 × 10−3) | ||
| Controls, median (range) | 10 ± 4 × 10−3 (2–20 × 10−3) | ||
| Forni [80] | Diabetic ketoacidosis | 0.16 ± 0.07 | |
| Controls | 0.04 ± 0.02 | ||
| Lu [81] | Diabetic ketoacidosis | 3.82 ± 2.5 | |
| DM | 0.47 ± 0.55 | ||
| Controls | 0.25 ± 0.35 |
* Study with pediatric patients. Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. UC = ulcerative colitis, CD = Crohn’s disease, MAFLD = metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease, IQR = interquartile range, T1DM = type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.