Table 1.

Analytical framework and key endpoints for generic pharmaceutical policies in MENA region.

	Key indicators	Endpoints
Supply-side policies	A.Generic pricing policies	1.Pricing policy(ies) for generics: —Free pricing —Cost-plus pricing —Price capping —Price capping with managed entry —External Reference Pricing (ERP) —Free pricing —Cost-plus pricing —Combination or selection of lowest price from various methods —Other regulatory methods
		2.Existence of post patent expiry price change for off-patent originator pharmaceuticals
		3.Variation in generic pricing policies for local and imported generics
	B.Reimbursement and procurement policies	4.Reimbursement/procurement policy for generics: —Tendering —Internal Reference Pricing (IRP) (therapeutic reference pricing; molecular reference pricing; managed competition) —Formulary management
		5.Reimbursement of off-patent originator pharmaceuticals
		6.Variation in generic reimbursement policies for local and imported generics
Proxy demand-side policies	C.Generic prescribing	7.Existence of a (national) policy on generic prescribing
		8.Mandatory or non-mandatory generic prescribing
	D.Generic substitution	9.Existence of a (national) policy on generic substitution
		10.Mandatory or non-mandatory generic substitution

Source: The authors.