Table 3.

Pricing policies for generic pharmaceuticals in the MENA Region and implications for off-patent originators, 2018.

	Pricing policies for generic pharmaceuticals1							Off-patent originator pharmaceuticals
	Price capping	Price capping with managed competition	ERP	Free pricing	Cost-plus pricing	Combination or selection of lowest price from various methods4	Other regulatory methods	Does price decline post patent expiry?	If price declines, by how much?
Algeria	✓” α	✘	✓† α	✘	✓‡ α	✘	✘	✓	–
Bahrain	✘	✓ α β	✓ α	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	✓	20%
Egypt	✘	✓”α β	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	–	–
Jordan	✓α β	✘	✓† α β3	✘	✘	✓† α β	✘	–	–
Kuwait	✘	✓ α	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓	20%
Lebanon	✓ β	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	–	–
Morocco	✓	✓ β	✓*α	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓	–
Oman	–	–	✓~ β	✘	✘	✘	✘	–	–
Qatar	✘	✓~	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α β profit controls	✓	20%2
Saudi Arabia	✘	✓” β	✘	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ β	25%
UAE	✓ β	✓β5	✓† β5	✘	✘	✓ β	✘	✓	20%

Key: ✓ = Yes/used.

✘ = No/not used.

- = No evidence.

✓† = Applies only to imported generics.

✓‡ = Applies only to locally manufactured generics.

✓” = Different calculations/percentages for locally manufactured and imported generics.

✓* = solely applicable when the originator is not present in the home market

✓~ = only used for the private sector.

✓α = finding from primary data collection.

✓β = finding from secondary data collection.

Sources: The authors, based on findings of primary and secondary evidence.

Note:

¹Based on the results of primary data collection, whereas secondary sources, where used, reflect earlier years. There may be discrepancies in the application of some of the rules outlined in the table.

²Prices decrease on registration of first generic.

³ERP based on the price in the COO only.

⁴Several countries identify the lowest price resultant from a selection of methods. These methods may include price capping, price capping with managed competition, and ERP, as well as other sources or methods for pricing.

⁵The UAE uses price capping with managed competition and ERP for imported or partially locally manufactured products.