Table 4.

Reimbursement and procurement policies for off-patent and generic medicines, 2018*.

		IRP1(molecular)	IRP (therapeutic)	IRP (managed competition)	ERP	Tendering	Formulary management	Bio-equivalence
Algeria	Off-patent	✓ α	✓ α	✘	✓ α -	✓ α2	✓ α2	N/A
	Generic	✓ α	✓ α	✘	✘	✓ α2	✓ α2	✘
Bahrain	Off-patent	–	–	–	–	–	–	N/A
	Generic	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Egypt	Off-patent	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	N/A
	Generic	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	✘
Jordan	Off-patent	–	–	–	–	–	–	N/A
	Generic	–	–	–	–	✓ β	–	–
Kuwait	Off-patent	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	N/A
	Generic	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	✘
Lebanon	Off-patent	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✓	N/A
	Generic	✓ α	✓ α	✓ α	✘	✓ α	✓ α	✓ α
Morocco	Off-patent	✓ α	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	N/A
	Generic	✓ α	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	✘
Oman	Off-patent	–	–	–	–	–	–	N/A
	Generic	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Qatar	Off-patent	✓ α	✘	✘	✓- α -	✓ α	✓ α	N/A
	Generic	✓ α	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✓ α	✓ α
Saudi Arabia	Off-patent	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ β	✘	N/A
	Generic	✓ β †	✓ β †	✘	✘	✓ β	✘	✘
United Arab Emirates	Off-patent	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	N/A
	Generic	✘	✘	✘	✘	✓ α	✘	✘

Key: ✓= yes / used.

✓- = used as a reference price for guidance.

✓* = only used in hospitals, not at national level.

✓α = finding from primary data collection.

✓β = finding from secondary data collection.

✘ = no / not used.

- = no evidence.

N/A: not applicable.

Source: The authors, based on findings of primary and secondary evidence.

Notes: * Applies to all medicines whether outpatient or in-patient; if relevant to out- or in-patient, a qualification is made where appropriate.

¹Internal reference pricing.

²Only used in hospitals, not at out-patient level.