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. 2023 Jun 12;24(12):10015. doi: 10.3390/ijms241210015

Figure 6.

Figure 6

NR supplementation ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells through activating AMPK. (A) Relative NAD levels. (B) Representative Western blot results of Sirt1, p-AMPKα, AMPKα and PGC-1α of C2C12 myotube cells. α-Tubulin served as a loading control. (C) The quantitative results for WB. (D) Relative mRNA expression of Sirt1, PGC-1α, TFAM, Nrf2, SOD2 and CPT1α in C2C12 myotube cells. n = 3 for each group. * p < 0.05 compared with the CON group; # p < 0.05 comparing PA group vs. PA + NR group. Abbreviations: NAD—nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; TFAM—mitochondrial transcription factor A; Nrf2—nuclear respiratory factor 2; SOD2—superoxide dismutase 2; CPT1α—carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α.