Table 5.
Focus on Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Mental Health: categorical data analysis based on biographical data (n, % column) during the second phase. Only significant differences (p < 0.05) are shown in the table.
| N = 688 | BAI | BDI | IES | GHQ | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cut-off Subscale N Participants |
Minimum ≤21 N = 426 |
Medium 22–35 N = 57 |
High ≥36 N = 25 |
p | Minimal 0–13 N = 186 |
Medium 14–19 N = 20 |
High ≥ 20 N = 482 |
p | Subclinical 0–8 N = 491 |
Mild 9–25 N = 165 |
Moderate 26–43 N = 26 |
Severe ≥43 N = 6 |
p | No Problem 0–14 N = 261 |
Some Problems 15–19 N = 225 |
Several Problems 20–36 N = 202 |
p | |
| Gender | Male | 34% (144) | 19% (11) |
20% (5) |
0.037 | |||||||||||||
| Female | 66% (281) | 81% (46) |
80% (20) |
|||||||||||||||
| Living situation (II) | Lives alone | 24% (86) |
21% (35) |
35% (9) |
67% (4) |
0.04 | ||||||||||||
| Cohabits | 76% (274) | 79% (130) | 65% (17) |
33% (2) |
||||||||||||||
| Marital status (I) | Unmarried | 19% (68) |
15% (25) |
23% (6) |
67% (4) |
0.039 | ||||||||||||
| Married | 51% (183) | 51% (84) |
46% (12) |
33% (2) |
||||||||||||||
| Divorced | 5% (17) | 5% (9) | 8% (2) | 0% (0) | ||||||||||||||
| Cohabiting | 15%(53) | 22 (36) | 19% (5) | 0% (0) | ||||||||||||||
| Widower | 0% (1) | 1% (1) | 4% (1) | 0% (0) | ||||||||||||||
| In relation | 11%(38) | 6% (10) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | ||||||||||||||
| Have children | Yes | 54% (231) | 63% (36) |
32% (8) |
0.033 | 43% (56) |
61% (137) | 52% (106) | 0.005 | |||||||||
| No | 46% (194) | 37% (21) |
68% (17) |
57% (74) |
39% (88) |
48% (96) |
||||||||||||
| Non-COVID 19 related health issues | Yes | 17% (74) |
37% (21) |
40% (10) |
<0.001 | 37% (20) |
45% (9) |
19% (92) |
<0.001 | 21% (27) |
14% (32) |
31% (62) |
<0.001 | |||||
| No | 83% (351) | 63% (36) |
60% (15) |
63% (34) |
55% (11) |
81% (390) |
79% (102) | 86% (193) | 69% (140) | |||||||||
| Changed habits due to the pandemic | Yes | 81% (293) | 91% (150) | 92% (24) |
100% (6) |
0.016 | 78% (101) | 84% (188) | 91% (184) | 0.003 | ||||||||
| No | 19% (67) |
9% (15) |
8% (2) |
0% (0) |
22% (29) |
16% (37) |
9% (18) |
|||||||||||
| Change in job | Yes | 38% (49) |
40% (90) |
55% (111) |
0.001 | |||||||||||||
| No | 62% (81) |
60% (135) | 45% (91) |
|||||||||||||||
| HW Job Categories | Doctor | 32% (137) | 19% (11) |
16% (4) | 0.013 | 18% (10) |
25% (5) |
30% (146) |
0.011 | 19% (25) |
29% (65) |
35% (71) |
0.045 | |||||
| Nurse | 27% (114) | 30% (17) |
28% (7) | 20% (11) |
15% (3) |
28% (134) |
25% (32) |
30% (67) |
24% (49) |
|||||||||
| Resident in training |
15% (64) |
11% (6) |
8% (2) |
15% (8) |
5% (1) |
15% (70) |
18% (24) |
14% (32) |
11% (23) |
|||||||||
| Freelance doctor | 9% (37) |
9% (5) |
4% (1) |
9% (5) |
10% (2) | 9% (41) |
9% (12) |
7% (16) |
10% (20) |
|||||||||
| Other | 17% (73) |
32% (18) |
44% (11) | 38% (21) |
45% (9) |
19% (91) |
28% (37) |
20% (45) |
19% (39) |
|||||||||
| Emergency professions | No | 41% (175) | 35% (20) |
16% (4) | 0.032 | 20% (11) |
20% (4) |
40% (194) |
0.004 | |||||||||
| Yes | 59% (248) | 65% (37) |
84% (21) | 80% (43) |
80% (16) |
60% (286) |
||||||||||||
| Medical area | Clinic | 44% (23) |
58% (11) |
43% (204) |
0.025 | 41% (52) |
39% (87) |
50% (99) |
0.049 | |||||||||
| Surgical | 10% (5) |
5% (1) |
14% (68) |
13% (16) |
12% (28) |
15% (30) |
||||||||||||
| Services | 38% (20) |
26% (5) |
21% (101) |
29% (37) |
25% (57) |
16% (32) |
||||||||||||
| Emergency/ xcvbUrgency | 8% (4) |
11% (2) |
22% (104) |
17% (21) |
23% (52) |
19% (37) |
||||||||||||
| Past psychopharmacological treatment | Yes | 12% (49) |
32% (18) |
25% (6) | <0.001 | 11% (40) |
20% (33) |
27% (7) |
33% (2) |
0.007 | ||||||||
| No | 88% (374) | 68% (39) |
75% (18) | 89% (316) | 80% (130) | 73% (19) |
67% (4) |
|||||||||||
| Followed by psychiatrist in the present | Yes | 11% (6) |
20% (4) |
5% (24) |
0.007 | |||||||||||||
| No | 89% (49) |
80% (16) |
95% (455) |
|||||||||||||||
| Current psychopharmacological treatment | Yes | 5% (23) |
16% (9) |
12% (3) | 0.01 | 13% (7) |
25% (5) |
6% (29) |
0.002 | |||||||||
| No | 95% (397) | 84% (48) |
88% (22) | 87% (48) |
75% (15) |
94% (448) |
||||||||||||
| Feeling protected at work | Yes | 25% (105) | 12% (7) |
8% (2) |
<0.001 | 28% (102) | 14% (23) |
12% (3) |
17% (1) |
<0.001 | 32% (41) |
28% (62) |
13% (26) |
<0.001 | ||||
| No | 17% (74) |
32% (18) |
44% (11) | 16% (57) |
30% (49) |
31% (8) |
17% (1) |
15% (19) |
17% (37) |
29% (59) |
||||||||
| Not always | 58% (245) | 55% (31) |
48% (12) | 56% (199) | 56% (92) |
58% (15) |
67% (4) |
53% (69) |
56% (125) | 58% (116) | ||||||||
| Sufficient availability of PPE | Yes | 39% (164) | 27% (15) |
24% (6) | <0.001 | 41% (147) | 27% (45) |
23% (6) |
50% (3) |
0.008 | 40% (51) |
43% (97) |
26% (53) |
0.003 | ||||
| No | 13% (57) |
32% (18) |
36% (9) | 13% (47) |
23% (37) |
31% (8) |
17% (1) |
14% (18) |
13% (30) |
22% (45) |
||||||||
| Not always | 48% (202) | 41% (23) |
40% (10) | 46% (162) | 50% (82) | 46% (12) |
33% (2) |
46% (59) |
43% (96) |
51% (103) | ||||||||
| Sufficient work shifts | Yes | 58% (246) | 44% (24) | 32% (8) | 0.033 | 61% (215) | 47% (76) |
42% (11) |
67% (4) |
0.036 | 60% (75) |
69% (154) | 38% (77) |
<0.001 | ||||
| No | 19% (82) | 29% (16) | 36% (9) | 17% (61) |
27% (44) |
27% (7) |
0% (0) |
15% (19) |
13% (30) |
32% (63) |
||||||||
| Not always | 23% (96) | 27% (15) | 32% (8) | 22% (79) |
26% (43) | 31% (8) |
33% (2) |
25% (32) |
18% (40) |
30% (60) |
||||||||
| Working hours | Stable | 46% (59) |
42% (93) |
28% (56) |
0.006 | |||||||||||||
| Decreased | 2% (3) |
5% (11) |
5% (10) |
|||||||||||||||
| Increased | 52% (67) |
54% (120) | 67% (135) | |||||||||||||||
Abbreviations: Cat. HW = Health Worker Category; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; IES = Impact of Event Scale; GHQ = General Health Questionnaire; p = p Value.