Table 4.
Pre- and post-treatment mean difference and confidence interval (upper limit and lower limit) scores of TPG and CG group.
| Variable/Time | Baseline | 8 Weeks | 6 Months | 12 Months | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Difference CI95% (Upper Limit—Lower Limit) | |||||
| HbA1c | TPG × CG | −0.04 (−0.34 to 0.26) | 0.26 (0.02 to 0.49) | 0.63 (0.43 to 0.82) | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.17) |
| p-value | 0.7928 * | 0.031 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| FEV1 | TPG × CG | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00) | −0.1 (−0.13 to −0.06) | −0.5 (−0.58 to −0.49) | −1.7 (−3.84 to 0.44) |
| p-value | 0.068 * | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.119 * | |
| FVC | TPG × CG | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) | −0.17 (−0.22 to −0.11) | −1.25 (−1.31 to −1.18) | −1.43 (−1.50 to −1.34) |
| p-value | 0.453 * | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| FEV1/FVC | TPG × CG | −1.3 (−2.75 to 0.15) | −2.3 (−3.91 to −0.68) | −4.0 (−5.78 to −2.21) | −12.1 (−14.15 to −10.04) |
| p-value | 0.080 * | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| MVV | TPG × CG | −1.1 (−2.63 to 0.43) | −8.9 (−10.56 to −7.23) | −11.6 (−13.4 to −9.78) | −13.7 (−15.53 to −11.86) |
| p-value | 0.158 * | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| PEF | TPG × CG | −0.1 (−0.20 to 0.00) | −0.6 (−0.70 to −0.49) | −0.7 (−0.81 to −0.58) | −0.9 (−1.02 to −0.77) |
| p-value | 0.066 * | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| 6-min walk test | TPG × CG | 2.94 (−9.2 to 15.1) | −20.4 (−33.0 to −7.8) | −47.5 (−60.7 to −34.2) | −37.0 (−50.7 to −23.4) |
| p-value | 0.633 * | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
| Quality of life | TPG × CG | 0.9 (−0.56 to 2.36) | −6.2 (−7.79 to −4.60) | −11.6 (−13.4 to −9.7) | −18.9 (−21.17 to −16.62) |
| p-value | 0.224 * | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
* Non-significant, TPG—tele-physical therapy group, CG—control group, HbA1c—hemoglobin A1c, FEV1—forced expiratory volume 1, FVC—forced vital capacity, MVV—maximal voluntary ventilation, PEF—peak expiratory flow.