Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics.
| Non/Mild Calcification (n = 151) | Moderate/Severe Calcification (n = 92) | p | Matched Non/Mild Calcification (n = 71) | Matched Moderate/Severe Calcification (n = 71) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 63.60 ± 9.75 | 67.71 ± 9.77 | 0.002 | 66.48 ± 10.14 | 66.96 ± 9.05 | 0.767 |
| Age > 65 years old | 40.40% (61) | 61.96% (57) | 0.001 | 49.30% (35) | 59.15% (42) | 0.238 |
| Male | 82.12% (124) | 65.22% (60) | 0.003 | 76.06% (54) | 73.24% (52) | 0.700 |
| BMI (g/m2) | 24.96 ± 3.19 | 25.25 ± 3.11 | 0.498 | 24.78 ± 3.44 | 25.23 ± 2.87 | 0.393 |
| Hypertension | 69.54% (105) | 80.43% (74) | 0.061 | 76.06% (54) | 76.06% (54) | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 24.50% (37) | 53.26% (49) | 0.001 | 29.58% (21) | 45.07% (32) | 0.056 |
| Current Smoking | 29.14% (44) | 14.13% (13) | 0.035 | 18.31% (13) | 16.90% (12) | 0.714 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.32% (2) | 8.70% (8) | 0.005 | 2.82% (2) | 4.23% (3) | 0.649 |
| Clinical Presentation | 0.176 | 0.647 | ||||
| STEMI NSTEMI UAP Non-ACS |
1.99% (3) 11.92% (18) 54.30% (82) 31.79% (48) |
2.17% (2) 20.65% (19) 55.43% (51) 21.74% (20) |
0.921 0.066 0.864 0.091 |
4.23% (3) 14.08% (10) 50.70% (36) 30.99% (22) |
2.82% (2) 15.49% (11) 59.15% (42) 22.54% (16) |
0.649 0.813 0.312 0.255 |
| Multi-lesions PCI | 7.28% (11) | 10.87% (10) | 0.335 | 5.63% (4) | 8.45% (6) | 0.512 |
| Family history of CAD | 5.96% (9) | 2.17% (2) | 0.221 | 2.82% (2) | 2.82% (2) | 0.508 |
| Previous PCI | 5.96% (9) | 13.04% (12) | 0.057 | 4.23% (3) | 8.45% (6) | 0.301 |
| TIA | 8.61% (13) | 9.78% (9) | 0.757 | 7.04% (5) | 8.45% (6) | 0.754 |
| Laboratory Findings | ||||||
| Hemoglobin (103/μL) | 14.10 (13.10,15.00) | 13.15 (12.00,14.60) | <0.001 | 13.80 (12.70,14.70) | 13.30 (12.00,14.60) | 0.257 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 (0.74,1.01) | 0.88 (0.73,1.17) | 0.295 | 0.87 (0.71,1.06) | 0.87 (0.73,1.17) | 0.485 |
| EGFR (mL/min/m2) | 85.80 ± 22.55 | 76.66 ± 31.38 | 0.016 | 82.95 ± 25.68 | 79.35 ± 28.86 | 0.434 |
| EGFR < 60 (mL/min/m2) | 7.95% (12) | 25.00% (23) | <0.001 | 11.27% (8) | 22.54% (16) | 0.073 |
| Dyslipidemia * | 58.28% (88) | 71.74% (66) | 0.035 | 66.20% (47) | 71.83% (51) | 0.468 |
| LVEF (%) | 61.00 (58.00,66.00) | 58.00 (55.00,62.00) | 0.001 | 60.00 (57.00,64.00) | 58.00 (56.00,63.00) | 0.108 |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.80 (5.40,6.40) | 6.30 (5.78,7.50) | <0.001 | 5.80 (5.50,6.30) | 6.15 (5.70,7.43) | 0.011 |
| Pre-PCI Medications | ||||||
| Aspirin Betablocker RAS Statin P2Y12 |
22.52% (34) 19.21% (29) 36.42% (55) 38.41% (58) 84.11% (127) |
29.35% (27) 26.09% (24) 52.17% (48) 59.78% (55) 69.57% (64) |
0.234 0.187 0.020 0.001 0.007 |
26.76% (19) 22.54% (16) 38.03% (27) 49.30% (35) 81.69% (58) |
30.99% (22) 19.72% (14) 52.11% (37) 59.15% (42) 74.65% (53) |
0.579 0.565 0.127 0.238 0.310 |
Abbreviations: BMI = Body Mass Index; STEMI = ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction; NSTEMI = Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction; UAP = Unstable Angina; Non-ACS = Non-Acute Coronary Syndrome; PCI = Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; TIA = Transient Ischemic Attacks; EGFR = Estimates Glomerular Filtration Rate, based on MDRD equation; LVEF = Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. * Dyslipidemia: LDL cholesterol more than 140 mg/dl or Total cholesterol more than 220 mg/dl or treated with medications.