Table 2.
The Alzheimer’s Disease model, capsaicin source, and dose used in the studies included in this review. (Aβ—amyloid-beta, TRPV1—transient receptor potential vanilloid 1; ICV—intracerebroventricular; APP—amyloid processing protein; ICR—Institute for Cancer Research; PS—presenilin).
| Reference | Alzheimer’s Disease Model | Capsaicin Source | Capsaicin Dose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jiang et al., 2013 [65] | Model of cold-water stress in Sprague Dawley rats | Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) | 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days |
| Chen et al., 2017 [66] | ICV Aβ1-42 into C57BI/6 mice | Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) | 1 mg/kg/day for 14 days |
| Balleza-Tapia et al., 2018 [67] | Hippocampal slices from C57BL/6 and TRPV1 knockout mice incubated in 50 nM Aβ |
Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK) | 10 μM reduced to 5 μM for 15 min and 30 min |
| Woo et al., 2018 [68] | ICV Aβ25-35 injection into ICR mice | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) | 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days |
| Woo et al., 2018 [69] | ICV Aβ25-35 injection into ICR mice | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) | 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days |
| Shalaby et al., 2019 [64] | ICV streptozotocin injection into adult albino rats (strain unidentified) | Dry ripe fruits of Capsicum frutescens cut from stalk | 10 mg/kg/day for 47 days |
| Du et al., 2020 [70] | APP23/PS45 transgenic mice | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) | 1 mg/kg/day for 1 month |
| Grimm et al., 2020 [74] | In vitro SH-SY5Y/COS7 APP695 and SH-SY5Y C99 cell lines | Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) | 10 μM for 24 h |
| Wang et al., 2020 [71] | In vitro human SH-SY5Y-APP695 cell line and APP/PS1 transgenic mice | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) | Animal: 30 mg/kg/day for 6 months Cell cultures: 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 50 μM for 24 h |
| Du et al., 2020 [60] | APP23/PS45 transgenic mice | Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) | 1 mg/kg/day |
| Balleza-Tapia et al., 2018 [67] | Hippocampal slices from C57BL/6 and TRPV1 knockout mice incubated in 50 nM Aβ |
Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK) | 10 μM reduced to 5 μM for 15 min and 30 min |
| Lu et al., 2021 [72] | APP/PS1 transgenic mice and primary cortical microglia from newborn C57BL/6 mice incubated with 5 μM Aβ oligomer | Target Molecule Corp. (Shanghai, China) | Animal: 0.01% chow for 4 weeks Cell cultures: 10 μM for 24 h |
| Wang et al., 2022 [73] | 3xTg triple transgenic mice, in vitro murine microglial BV2 cell line and primary mixed glial cells from newborn C57BL/6J wild type incubated with 2 μg/mL Aβ1-42 | Target Molecule Corp. (Shanghai, China) | Animal: 1 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal injection/day for 1 month Cell cultures: 10 μM for 24 h |