Table 3.

Key findings from behavioural and cognitive tests in the studies included in this review.

Test	Study Outcome
Morris Water Maze (MWM)	Capsaicin group had improved spatial memory compared to controls in all studies [65,66,68,70,71,72,73] except Woo et al., 2018 [69].
Barnes Maze	Capsaicin group was found to have improved spatial memory and learning compared to controls [70].
T-maze	Capsaicin had no significant effect on spatial perception abilities and spatial cognition compared with controls [68].
Y-maze	Capsaicin group had improved working memory, compared to controls [71,73].
Novel Object Recognition Test	Capsaicin group demonstrated improved cognitive abilities, particularly episodic memory, when compared to AD controls [65,66], while Woo et al., (2018) [68], found no difference.
Passive Avoidance Test	Capsaicin group had improved episodic memory [64].
Open Field Test	Capsaicin group had greater anxiety-like behaviours, seen in an increased amount of rearing and more time spent in peripheral areas compared with central areas [71].