ATP	adenosine triphosphate
ASOs	antisense oligonucleotides
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase
BNIP3	BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3
ceRNA	competing endogenous RNA
CSC	cancer stem-like cells
DTCs	disseminated tumor cells
EVs	extracellular vesicles
EMT	epithelial–mesenchymal transition
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
GDH	glutamate dehydrogenase
GBC	gallbladder cancer
GLUT	glucose transporter
HKs	hexokinases
HIF	hypoxia-inducible factor
hnRNPL	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L
LncRNAs	long non-coding RNAs
LDHA	lactate dehydrogenase A
LKB1	tumor suppressor liver kinase B1
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
MIF	macrophage migration inhibitory factor
ncRNAs	non-coding RNAs
NANOG	non-processed pseudogene
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
piRNAs	piwi-interacting RNAs
PKM2	pyruvate kinase M2
PCGs	protein-coding genes
PFKFB2	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PAX8	paired-box gene 8
PDAC	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
rRNA	ribosomal RNA
ROS	reactive oxygen species
siRNAs	small interfering RNAs
SOX	SRY box transcription factor
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
tRNA	transfer RNA
TME	tumor microenvironment
TGIF2	TGF (transforming growth factor) β–induced factor homeobox 2
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
TDMCs	tumor-derived molecular components
TERT	telomerase reverse transcriptase
TGF-β	tumor growth factor beta
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
WBC	white blood cells