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. 2023 Jun 18;12(12):4111. doi: 10.3390/jcm12124111

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Radiographic images of a 56-year-old female patient with hand clumsiness and gait disturbance. Her total Japapanese Orthopadic Association (JOA) score was 13 (UEF-2, LEF-3, sensory-5, and bladder function-3). (A) Cervical lateral X-ray with normal alignment (at neutral position); (B) segmental ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament was shown at C4 and C5; (C) anterior compression of spinal cord was shown at C4−C5 segment (white arrow), but sufficient space behind the spinal cord was observed (arrow heads). (D) At C4−C5 segment, anterior (A) and posterior (P) lengths of the spinal cord were 0.85 and 4.84 mm, respectively, and anteroposterior (A-P)/width (W) ratio was 0.38. Anterior and posterior lengths of the spinal cord at C2−C3 were 2.56 and 4.84 mm, respectively, and AP/W ratio was 0.59. At 2 years after laminoplasty, her total JOA score improved from 13 to 16 (UEF-4, LEF-3, sensory-6, and bladder function-3) (UEF: upper extremity function); LEF: lower extremity function).