Table 2.
Descriptive statistics (means (SDs)) and statistical comparisons (p-values) of outcome measures at baseline, pre- and post-intervention, and at the six-month follow-up.
| Approach | Baseline | Pre-Intervention | Post-Intervention | Follow-Up | Time * Approach | Qualitative Functional (1) | Functional (2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QFM | ||||||||
| Alignment | 1 | 54.68 (28.39) | 48.57 (25.08) | 62.10 (24.68) | 54.08 (36.99) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.410 |
| 2 | 49.68 (28.15) | 52.96 (29.48) | 49.63 (31.53) | 61.53 (31.07) | ||||
| Coordination | 1 | 40.15 (21.18) | 35.16 (20.48) | 45.97 (23.40) | 41.88 (24.66) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.009 |
| 2 | 42.52 (26.18) | 45.05 (26.80) | 43.51 (26.88) | 44.37 (20.60) | ||||
| Dissociation | 1 | 33.38 (19.51) | 27.46 (17.07) | 36.83 (21.37) | 34.19 (22.61) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.095 |
| 2 | 35.46 (22.59) | 37.72 (23.76) | 35.18 (23.36) | 37.71 (19.98) | ||||
| Stability | 1 | 34.49 (19.49) | 29.09 (18.05) | 38.80 (21.73) | 35.01 (22.13) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.289 |
| 2 | 35.10 (23.63) | 36.08 (24.62) | 34.02 (24.02) | 40.00 (20.91) | ||||
| Weight shift | 1 | 37.84 (19.77) | 32.97 (18.47) | 45.33 (20.49) | 39.00 (21.43) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.020 |
| 2 | 37.74 (22.68) | 41.09 (24.28) | 39.62 (24.18) | 44.73 (22.83) | ||||
| GMFM | ||||||||
| Dimension C | 1 | 89.76 (15.15) | 88.10 (16.16) | 89.98 (13.95) | 86.16 (16.97) | 0.108 | 0.033 | 0.419 |
| 2 | 89.29 (14.27) | 90.87 (13.35) | 90.28 (14.01) | 93.20 (12.93) | ||||
| Dimension D | 1 | 64.36 (25.75) | 62.71 (26.78) | 68.80 (25.61) | 62.34 (29.51) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.702 |
| 2 | 65.60 (27.19) | 65.38 (28.71) | 64.32 (27.65) | 71.79 (24.28) | ||||
| Dimension E | 1 | 55.14 (26.11) | 52.26 (27.01) | 55.61 (27.62) | 53.21 (30.48) | 0.185 | <0.001 | 0.116 |
| 2 | 55.21 (30.80) | 57.52 (21.48) | 58.10 (32.99) | 64.88 (28.53) | ||||
| Total CDE | 1 | 69.75 (21.74) | 67.69 (22.41) | 71.47 (21.59) | 67.24 (25.03) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.324 |
| 2 | 70.03 (23.39) | 71.26 (24.04) | 70.90 (23.92) | 67.62 (21.14) | ||||
| TCMS | ||||||||
| Static sitting balance | 1 | 14.75 (4.66) | 14.83 (4.42) | 15.75 (3.78) | 16.80 (2.93) | 0.769 | 0.006 | 0.587 |
| 2 | 16.33 (2.77) | 16.33 (3.03) | 16.67 (2.50) | 17.29 (1.50) | ||||
| Selective movement control | 1 | 9.00 (4.76) | 10.42 (4.78) | 11.67 (4.26) | 12.13 (4.42) | 0.077 | 0.003 | 0.290 |
| 2 | 13.83 (5.57) | 12.92 (5.95) | 13.67 (5.07) | 14.43 (5.50) | ||||
| Dynamic reaching | 1 | 0.88 (0.80) | 1.54 (1.53) | 1.75 (1.73) | 1.40 (0.91) | 0.423 | 0.041 | 0.710 |
| 2 | 1.33 (1.23) | 1.50 (1.51) | 1.50 (1.24) | 1.86 (2.27) | ||||
| Total TCMS | 1 | 24.63 (8.95) | 26.79 (9.43) | 29.17 (8.26) | 30.33 (7.44) | 0.780 | <0.001 | 0.162 |
| 2 | 31.50 (9.07) | 30.75 (9.39) | 31.83 (7.78) | 33.57 (8.70) | ||||
| Gait Capacity | ||||||||
| 1MWT | 1 | 67.72 (20.10) | 66.37 (15.85) | 70.85 (16.48) | 72.46 (16.64) | 0.679 | 0.043 | 0.272 |
| 2 | 69.96 (17.01) | 70.88 (18.62) | 73.19 (19.50) | 81.02 (13.51) | ||||
| mTUG | 1 | 15.77 (17.32) | 16.73 (22.76) | 14.40 (15.33) | 15.05 (15.21) | 0.680 | 0.286 | 0.885 |
| 2 | 13.07 (12.08) | 12.64 (12.75) | 11.58 (12.76) | 9.10 (4.70) | ||||
Significant time effects (p < 0.008) are shown in italics. *: by; Approach 1: qualitative functional approach; Approach 2: functional approach; 1MWT: One-Minute Walk Test; GMFM: Gross Motor Function Measure; mTUG: modified Timed Up-and-Go test; QFM: Quality Function Measure; TCMS: Trunk Control Measurement Scale.