Table 3.

Sample DMQ18 questions for each dimension rated by a parent.

Dimension	Infant	Toddler
Cognitive/object persistence	“Repeats a new skill until he or she can do it.”	“Works for a long time trying to do something challenging.”
Gross motor persistence	“Tries to do well in physical activities even when they are difficult.”	“Tries to do well in physical actives even when they are challenging.”
Social persistence with adults	“Tries to influence play with me or other adults.”	“Tries hard to get adults to understand him or her.”
Social persistence with children	“Tries to make other children feel better if they cry or seem sad.”	“Tries to say and do things that keep other kids interested.”
Mastery pleasure	“Claps hands or shows excitement when he or she is successful.”	“Gets excited when he or she figures something out.”
Negative reaction to challenge—frustration/anger	“Gets frustrated when not successful immediately.”	N/A
Negative reaction—frustration/anger	N/A	“Gets frustrated when not able to complete a challenging task.”
Negative reaction—sadness/shame	N/A	“Looks away when tries but cannot do something.”
General competence	“Does things that are difficult for children his or her age.”	“Does things that are difficult for children his or her age.”