Table 3.

Total, direct and indirect effect among the pathways between prenatal (maternal pre-pregnancy BMI) and postnatal factors (infant birth weight, infant rapid weight gain, breastfeeding duration) and overweight status in early childhood: pooled effect from seven Australian and New Zealand cohorts.

	Odds ratio	95%CI		P value
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI → Child overweight status (yes vs no)
Total effect	1.10	1.07	1.14	<0.001
Direct effect	1.07	1.06	1.09	<0.001
Indirect effect
via infant birth weight	1.01	1.01	1.02	<0.001
via infant rapid weight gain	1.00	0.98	1.03	0.70
via breastfeeding duration	1.01	0.99	1.03	0.38
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI → Rapid weight gain in infancy (yes vs no)
Total effect	1.05	1.02	1.07	<0.001
Direct effect	1.00	0.99	1.02	0.70
Indirect effect
via infant birth weight	0.98	0.97	0.98	<0.001
via breastfeeding duration	1.07	1.05	1.09	<0.001
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI → Breastfeeding duration (≥6 vs < 6 months)
Total effect	0.92	0.91	0.93	<0.001
Direct effect	0.91	0.90	0.93	<0.001
Indirect effect
via infant birth weight	1.00	1.00	1.01	0.002
Infant birth weight→ Child overweight status (yes vs no)
Total effect	0.18	0.11	0.28	<0.001
Direct effect	3.46	2.76	4.34	<0.001
Indirect effect
via infant rapid weight gain	0.05	0.03	0.09	<0.001
via breastfeeding duration	0.98	0.93	1.03	0.41
Breastfeeding duration(≥6 vs <6 months)→ Child overweight status (yes vs no)
Total effect	0.30	0.21	0.43	<0.001
Direct effect	0.91	0.74	1.12	0.37
Indirect effect
via infant rapid weight gain	0.33	0.24	0.45	<0.001

Adjusted for cohort, ages at infancy and early childhood assessments, maternal age, child sex, and intervention allocation. Odds ratios are presented for categorical outcomes.

CI confidence interval.