Table 1.
Age-standardized Characteristics of the NHSII COVID-19 Substudy by Bereavement Status at Q1 (October, 2020).
| Characteristic | Death of a loved one |
|
|---|---|---|
| No (N = 23,677) | Yes (N = 6,901) | |
| Age* (years), M (SD) | 65.40 (4.49) | 65.29 (4.50) |
| Median household family income (based on 2010 Census) as of 2013, US dollars, M (SD) | 84,038 (32,633) | 82,484 (31,449) |
| Prepandemic depression symptoms, % | 25 | 24 |
| Psychological distress (PHQ-4), M (SD) | 1.96 (2.20) | 2.15 (2.32) |
| Depression symptoms (PHQ-2), M (SD) | 0.90 (1.18) | 0.99 (1.23) |
| Anxiety symptoms (GAD-2), M (SD) | 1.15 (1.27) | 1.26 (1.32) |
| Nonwhite, % | 2 | 4 |
| Geographic region, % | ||
| Northeast | 28 | 28 |
| Midwest | 30 | 31 |
| South | 23 | 24 |
| West | 18 | 17 |
| Other | 0 | 0 |
| Deceased relationship, % | ||
| Spouse or child | 3 | |
| Parent‚ grandparent‚ or sibling | 22 | |
| Other family member, friend, or neighbor | 76 | |
| COVID-19 cause of death, % | 19 | |
| Type of memorial, % | ||
| None | 51 | |
| Online only | 7 | |
| In-person | 41 | |
Note. Values are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
Values of polytomous variables may not sum to 100% due to rounding. PHQ-4 = Patient Health Questionnaire-4 item, PHQ-2 = Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item, GAD-2 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2.
⁎
Value is not age adjusted.