TABLE 3.
Summary of selected papers (published in 2018–2022) describing the frequency of genomic/pathogenicity islands among L. monocytogenes strains isolated from various sources.
| Country | Year | Source | Isolates | Presence of pathogenic/genomic islands (n (%)) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (provinces: Zhejiang, Fujian, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Xinjiang) | 2002–2019 | food (326); livestock (25); clinical (18) | 369 | LIPI-1—369 (100.00%) | Anwar et al. (2022) |
| LIPI-3—36 (10.00%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—33 (9.00%) | |||||
| 43 cites in China | 2012–2016 | meat and meat products | 362 | LIPI-3—37 (10.22%) | Chen et al. (2019) |
| LIPI-4—75 (20.72%) | |||||
| China (Shanghai) | 2009–2019 | food | 155 | LIPI-1—155 (100.00%) | Zhang et al. (2020) |
| LIPI-3—12 (7.74%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—21 (13.55%) | |||||
| China (collected at Shanghai port) | 2018–2020 | imported foods (pork, fish, sheep, chicken, beef) | 81 | LIPI-1—81 (100.00%) | Shen et al. (2022) |
| LIPI-3—16 (19.75%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—5 (6.17%) | |||||
| SSI-1—46 (56.79%) | |||||
| SSI-2—8 (9.88%) | |||||
| China | 2012–2015 | food | 28 | LIPI-1—28 (100.00%) | Yan et al. (2019) |
| LIPI-3—2 (7.14%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| SSI-1—27 (96.43%) | |||||
| 43 cites in China | 2012–2016 | fresh aquatic products | 72 | LIPI-1—72 (100.00%) | Chen M. et al. (2018) |
| LIPI-3—8 (11.11%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—16 (22.22%) | |||||
| China (Wuhan) | 2019 | retinal pork | 64 | LIPI-1—64 (100.00%) | Wang et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—6 (9.38%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—5 (7.81%) | |||||
| 21 cites in China | 2014–2016 | ready-to-eat foods and pasteurized milk | 48 | LIPI-1—48 (100.00%) | Chen Y. et al. (2020a) |
| LIPI-3—6 (12.5%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—15 (31.25%) | |||||
| China (Beijing) | 2014–2018 | clinical | 151 | LIPI-1—150 (99.38%) | Zhang et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—26 (17.22%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—42 (27.81%) | |||||
| Japan | 2006–2019 | clinical | 18 | LIPI-1—18 (100.00%) | Baba et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—8 (44.44%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—1 (5.56%) | |||||
| United States (California, Maryland, Connecticut, and Georgia) | 2010–2013 | ready-to-eat food samples | 100 | LIPI-1—100 (100.00%) | Chen Y. et al. (2020b) |
| LIPI-3—25 (25.00%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—15 (15.00%) | |||||
| SSI-1—58 (58.00%) | |||||
| SSI-2—1 (1.00%) | |||||
| United States (North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Michigan) | 2015–2020 | ruminant listeriosis cases | 73 | LIPI-1—73 (100.00%) | Cardenas-Alvarez et al. (2022) |
| LIPI-3—23 (31.51%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—10 (13.70%) | |||||
| SSI-1—7 (9.59%) | |||||
| SSI-2—6 (8.22%) | |||||
| LGI-2—1 (1.40%) | |||||
| LGI-3—1 (1.40%) | |||||
| United States | 2002–2014 | isolated recovered from bulk tank milk, milk filters, and milking equipment from dairies | 121 | LIPI-1—121 (100.00%) | Kim et al. (2018) |
| LIPI-3—46 (38.02%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—21 (17.36%) | |||||
| SSI-1—54 (44.63%) | |||||
| LGI-1—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| United States (New York) | 2018–2019 | wildlife | 13 | LIPI-1—13 (100.00%) | Chen et al. (2022) |
| LIPI-3—4 (30.77%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—3 (23.08%) | |||||
| SSI-1—4 (30.77%) | |||||
| SSI-2—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| United States (Central California Coast) | 2011–2016 | surface waters in agricultural region | 1,248 | LIPI-1—1,248 (100.00%) | Gorski et al. (2022) |
| LIPI-3—913 (73.20%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—785 (62.90%) | |||||
| SSI-1—151 (12.00%) | |||||
| SSI-2—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| LGI-2—50 (4.00%) | |||||
| Brazil | 1978–2013 | food production environment, beef, clinical | 35 | LIPI-1—35 (100.00%) | Camargo et al. (2019) |
| LIPI-3—15 (43.00%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—2 (6.00%) | |||||
| SSI-1—20 (57.00%) | |||||
| SSI-2—3 (2.86%) | |||||
| LGI-1—8 (22.86%) | |||||
| Chile | 2008–2011 | clinical (22); food and food-related environments | 38 | LIPI-1—38 (100.00%) | Toledo et al. (2018) |
| LIPI-3—16 (42.11%) | |||||
| SSI-1—14 (36.84%) | |||||
| SSI-2—32 (5.26%) | |||||
| Mexico (Guadalajara) | No data | obtained from Hass avocados sold at retail markets | 18 | LIPI-1—7 (38.895) | Avila-Novoa et al. (2021) |
| Mexico | No data | food (19); clinical (1) | 20 | LIPI-1—19 (95.00%) | Vilchis-Rangel et al. (2019) |
| LIPI-3—7 (35.0%) | |||||
| South Africa | 2014–2019 | red meat and poultry value chain | 217 | LIPI-1—16 (7.40%) | Matle et al. (2020) |
| LIPI-3—47 (21.70%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—4 (1.80%) | |||||
| Spain (Cantabria region) | 2017–2019 | isolated from Dairy Cattle Farms | 45 | LIPI-1—45 (100.00%) | Varsaki et al. (2022) |
| LIPI-3—39 (86.67%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—9 (20.00%) | |||||
| Central Italy | 2020–2021 | isolated in a meat producing plant | 84 | LIPI-1—84 (100.00%) | Guidi et al. (2022) |
| LIPI-3—84 (100.00%) | |||||
| Irleand | 2009–2014 | three food processing environments | 100 | LIPI-1—100 (100.00%) | Hurley et al. (2019) |
| LIPI-3—10 (10.00%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—1 (1.00%) | |||||
| SSI-1—51 (51.00%) | |||||
| SSI-2—1 (1.00%) | |||||
| Netherlands | spring 2018 | isolated during mushroom production and processing | 44 | LIPI-1—44 (100.00%) | Lake et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—30 (68.18%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—14 (31.82%) | |||||
| SSI-1—17 (36.64%) | |||||
| SSI-2—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| Switzerland | between January and May 2020 | flowing surface waters | 25 | LIPI-1—25 (100.00%) | Raschle et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—12 (48.00%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—4 (16.00%) | |||||
| SSI-1—3 (12.00%) | |||||
| Poland | 2019 | isolates from fish manufactures | 28 | LIPI-1—28 (100.00%) | Wieczorek et al. (2020) |
| LIPI-3—1 (3.57%) | |||||
| SSI-1—10 (35.71%) | |||||
| SSI-2—14 (50.00%) | |||||
| Poland | 2014–2017 | food (33); food processing environment (15) | 48 | LIPI-1—48 (100.00%) | Kurpas et al. (2020) |
| LIPI-3—15 (31.30%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| Germany | 2008–2016 | food production plants | 93 | LIPI-1—93 (100.00%) | Roedel et al. (2019) |
| LIPI-3—14 (15.05%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—1 (1.08%) | |||||
| SSI-1—40 (43.01%) | |||||
| SSI-2—8 (8.60%) | |||||
| LGI-1—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| LGI-2—19 (20.43%) | |||||
| Australia | 1998–2016 | dairy, meat, vegetable, mixed food and environment | 52 | LIPI-1—52 (100.00%) | Gray et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—5 (9.62%) | |||||
| LIPI-4—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| SSI-1—34 (65.38%) | |||||
| SSI-2—5 (9.52%) | |||||
| LGI-1—0 (0.00%) | |||||
| LGI-2—8 (15.38%) | |||||
| LGI-3—5 (9.62%) (no homolog of the cadAC gene) | |||||
| China, Canada, Switzerland, United States, Italy | 2012–2021 | clinical | 60 | LIPI-1—60 (100.00%) | Shi et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—14 (23.33%) | |||||
| 40 countries from six continents | 1921–2018 | from human hosts (1,453); animals (44); food (387); food processing environments (88); feed (11); natural environments (11); unknown sources (27)—only clonal complex 1 (Lm-CC1) | 2021 | LIPI-1—2021 (100.00%) | Moura et al. (2021) |
| LIPI-3—2021 (100.00%) | |||||
| LGI-2—277 (14.00%) |
LIPI, Listeria pathogenicity island; LGI, Listeria Genomic Island; SSI, Stress Survival Islet.