Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics and bias assessment results of all studies included in meta-analysis∗
| Reference | Location | Outcome | Mean age ≥55 years at follow-up end or mean >20 years follow-up | “Major” concern for surveillance bias | “Major” concern for healthy worker bias | “Major” concern for exposure misclassification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marjerrison et al. (2022b) | Norway | Both | Yes | — | — | — |
| Sritharan et al. (2022) | Canada | Incidence | Yes | — | — | — |
| Marjerrison et al. (2022a) | Norway | Incidence | Yes | — | — | — |
| Webber et al. (2021) | USA | Incidence | — | Yes | Yes | — |
| Zhao et al. (2020) | Spain | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
| Pinkerton et al. (2020)† | USA | Mortality | Yes | — | — | — |
| Bigert et al. (2020) | Sweden | Incidence | Yes | — | Yes | Yes |
| Petersen et al. (2018a)‡ | Denmark | Incidence | Yes | Yes | — | — |
| Petersen et al. (2018b) | Denmark | Mortality | Yes | Yes | — | — |
| Harris et al. (2018) | Canada | Incidence | — | — | — | — |
| Glass et al. (2016) | Australia | Both | — | — | Yes | — |
| Ahn and Jeong (2015) | Republic of Korea | Mortality | — | — | Yes | — |
| Amadeo et al. (2015) | France | Mortality | Yes | — | — | — |
| Pukkala et al. (2014) | Nordic | Incidence | Yes | — | — | — |
| Daniels et al. (2014)† | USA | Both | Yes | Yes | — | — |
| Ahn et al. (2012) | Republic of Korea | Incidence | — | Yes | — | — |
| Zeig-Owens et al. (2011) | USA | Incidence | — | Yes | Yes | — |
| Ma et al. (2006) | USA | Incidence | — | Yes | — | — |
| Ma et al. (2005) | USA | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
| Bates et al. (2001) | New Zealand | Both | — | — | — | — |
| Baris et al. (2001) | USA | Mortality | — | Yes | ||
| Deschamps et al. (1995) | France | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
| Demers et al. (1994) | USA | Incidence | — | — | — | — |
| Tornling et al. (1994) | Sweden | Mortality | Yes | — | — | — |
| Aronson et al. (1994) | Canada | Mortality | Yes | — | — | — |
| Guidotti (1993) | Canada | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
| Giles et al. (1993) | Australia | Incidence | — | — | — | — |
| Demers et al. (1992) | USA | Mortality | Yes | — | — | — |
| Beaumont et al. (1991) | USA | Mortality | — | Yes | ||
| Hansen (1990) | Denmark | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
| Heyer et al. (1990) | USA | Mortality | — | — | ||
| Vena and Fiedler (1987) | USA | Mortality | — | — | Yes | — |
| Eliopulos et al. (1984) | Australia | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
| Musk et al. (1978) | USA | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
| Mastromatteo (1959) | Canada | Mortality | — | — | — | — |
∗
The lack of a given characteristic in each study is denoted by the symbol “—“.
†
Study population includes a small number of females.
‡
Study population include part-time/volunteer firefighters for some cancer sites.