Table 7.
Microbiota changes of PD patients VS controls in Region 3.
| # | Genus | Family | Order | Class | Phylum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akkermansia | ↑ | ✔ | Akkermansiaceae | Verrucomicrobiales | Verrucomicrobiae | Verrucomicrobiota |
| Bifidobacteriaceae | ↑ | ✔ | Bifidobacteriales | Actinomycetia | Actinobacteriota | |
| Christensenellaceae | ↑ | ✔ | Eubacteriales | Clostridia | Firmicutes | |
| Citrobacter | ↑ | ✔ | Enterobacteriaceae | Enterobacterales | Gammaproteobacteria | Proteobacteria |
| Coriobacteriaceae | ↑ | ✔ | Coriobacteriales | Coriobacteriia | Actinobacteriota | |
| Enterobacteriaceae | ↑ | ✔ | Enterobacterales | Gammaproteobacteria | Proteobacteria | |
| Enterococcaceae | ↑ | ✔ | Lactobacillales | Bacilli | Firmicutes | |
| Enterococcus | ↑ | ✔ | Enterococcaceae | Lactobacillales | Bacilli | Firmicutes |
| Firmicutes * | ↑↓ | ✔ | ||||
| Klebsiella | ↑ | ✔ | Enterobacteriaceae | Enterobacterales | Gammaproteobacteria | Proteobacteria |
| Lachnospiraceae | ↓ | ✔ | Eubacteriales | Clostridia | Firmicutes | |
| Lactobacillaceae | ↑ | ✔ | Lactobacillales | Bacilli | Firmicutes | |
| Lactococcus | ↑ | ✔ | Streptococcaceae | Lactobacillales | Bacilli | Firmicutes |
| Oscillospira | ↑ | ✔ | Oscillospiraceae | Eubacteriales | Clostridia | Firmicutes |
| ParaBacteroides | ↑ | ✔ | Tannerellaceae | Bacteroidales | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidetes |
| Proteobacteria | ↑ | ✔ | ||||
| Roseburia | ↓ | ✔ | Lachnospiraceae | Eubacteriales | Clostridia | Firmicutes |
| Ruminococcus | ↓ | ✔ | Oscillospiraceae | Eubacteriales | Clostridia | Firmicutes |
| Salmonella | ↑ | ✔ | Enterobacteriaceae | Enterobacterales | Gammaproteobacteria | Proteobacteria |
| Shigella | ↑ | ✔ | Enterobacteriaceae | Enterobacterales | Gammaproteobacteria | Proteobacteria |
| Verrucomicrobiota | ↑ | ✔ |
Visual representation of bacteria found in Region 3 with their complete taxonomic classification for better understanding. #: quantity of bacteria in PD patients compared to controls; ↑: increased; ↓: decreased; ✔: bacterial taxonomic rank. * Both Lachnospiraceae (decreased) and Lactobacillaceae (increased) belong to the phylum Firmicutes.