Table 3.
Evaluation of vitamin D levels, preeclampsia, and maternal features in the included studies.
| Study | Vitamin D Insufficiency Threshold |
Vitamin D Levels (Cases vs. Controls) ng/dL |
Vitamin D Insufficiency (%) |
Preeclampsia (Cases vs. Controls) | Maternal Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 [23] | <32 ng/mL | NR | NR | 2.9% vs. 7.0% | Nulliparous—100%; No sign of vitamin D deficiency |
| 2 [24] | <20 ng/mL | 18.5 vs. 20.6 | 77.5% | 11.1% vs. 21.1% | Primigravida—100% |
| 3 [25] | <30 ng/mL | 19.7 vs. 24.4 * | 29.2% | 14.9% vs. 30.9% | Nulliparous—100% |
| 4 [26] | <25 ng/mL | NR | 78.0% | 15.7% vs. 30.6% | Multigravida—100% (average three previous pregnancies) Baseline SBP 115.9 mm/Hg vs. 114.5 mm/Hg |
| 5 [27] | <30 ng/mL | 32.3 vs. 22.5 * | 22.6% vs. 55.8% | 14.8% vs. 18.6% | Baseline SBP 128.5 mm/Hg vs. 141.4 mm/Hg Parity (>3) 11.5% vs. 15.3% |
*—significant differences at p < 0.05; NR—not reported; cases—received vitamin D, controls—did not receive vitamin D supplementation.