Table 1.

PICOS: inclusion and exclusion criteria

PICOS element	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	- Adult patients over 18 years of age with PSCT at the level of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine, amenable to removal from the posterior approach	- Children under 18 years of age - PSCT located above the level of the C2 - Primary tumors of the spine - Metastatic lesions of the spine and spinal cord - Tumors in the sacral spine - Primary “dumbbell” tumors types 2–4 according to the Eden classification [12]
Intervention	- ‌Access to the spinal canal using various modifications of LP	- LP performed at a level above C2 - Ventral approaches - Corpectomy - Lateral approaches - Costotransversectomy
Comparison	- Traditional laminectomy	- Hemilaminectomy - Translaminar approach
Outcome	- ‌Outcome measures including primary and secondary outcomes	- None
Study design	- ‌Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized prospective and retrospective observational studies	- Single case reports - Systematic reviews, meta-analyses - Nonclinical trials
Publications	- Full-text publications in English	- ‌Publications in other languages, unpublished studies, protocols, conference and presentation materials, abstracts, surgical videos

PICOS, Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design; PSCT, primary spinal cord tumor; LP, laminoplasty.