Table 6.

Effect of vegetable protein rich diets on gut microbiota.

Study	Population	Dietary Intervention	Results
Pagliai et al., 2020 [95]	23 overweight/with obesity omnivores	Randomly assigned to follow for 3 months either a Vegetarian diet (VD) or a Mediterranean diet (MD), with 50–55% of total daily energy from carbohydrate, 25–30% from fat, and 15–20% from proteins each	No significantly differences between the two diets at ranks such as phyla and families; VD significantly resulted in: ⇑ Anaerostipes and Streptococcus ⇓ Clostridium, Odoribacter and propionate production MD significantly resulted in: ⇑ Lachnoclostridium and Enterohabdus ⇓ Parabacteroides
Kahleova et al., 2020 [99]	168 overweight participants	84 subjects followed for 16 weeks a low-fat vegan diet (with 43 g/day of proteins, of which 1 g/day come from animal source and 42 g/day from vegetable one and 24 g/day of fats) and 84 subjects followed a control diet (with 69 g/day of proteins, of which 39 g/day come from animal source and 29 g/day from vegetable one and 72 g/day of fats)	After 16 weeks of low-fat vegan diet: ⇑ Increased Bacteroidetes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella ⇓ Bacteroides fragilis

Legend: ⇑ increase; ⇓ decrease.