Table 1.

Distribution of Plasmodium species on the continents of the globe, their respective vectors and recommended treatments.

Parasite	Vector	Location, Continent	Treatment	Ref.
P. vivax	Anopheles albimanus Anopheles albitarsis Anopheles aquasalis Anopheles darlingi Anopheles freeborni Anopheles marajoara Anopheles nuneztovaris Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Anopheles quadrimaculatus Anopheles cruzzi Anopheles bellator Anopheles brasiliensis Anopheles calderoni Anopheles triannulatus Anopheles neivai Anopheles deaneorum Anopheles oswaldoi Anopheles argyritarsis Anopheles dunhami	Central and South America	CQ + PQ AS + PQ CQ + TQ	[1,15,25,26,27,28,29]
	Anopheles annularis Anopheles aconitus Anopheles subpictus	South and Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific	CQ AL DHA + PPQ AS + PY	[1,15,28]
	Anopheles stephensi	Africa	CQ DHA + PPQ	[1,15,26,27]
P. falciparum	Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles funestus Anopheles gambae Anopheles stephensi Anopheles melas Anopheles merus Anopheles moucheti Anopheles nili	Africa	AL AS + AQ AS + PY DHA + PPQ	[1,15,20,30]
	Anopheles farauti Anopheles Kiliensis Anopheles punctulatus Anopheles dirus Anopheles minimus Anopheles lesteri Anopheles sinensis Anopheles balabacensis Anopheles barbirostris	Asia	AL AS + MQ AS + PY AS + SP AS + SP DHA + PPQ + PQ	[1,15,30]
	Anopheles atroparvus Anopheles labranchiae Anopheles messeae Anopheles sacharovi Anopheles sergentii Anopheles superpictus	Mediterranean	AL AS + SP DHA + PPQ	[1,15,31]
	Anopheles flavirostris Anopheles koliensis Anopheles lesteri Anopheles leucosphyrus Anopheles maculatus Anopheles punctulatus Anopheles sinensis Anopheles sundaicus	Western Pacific	AL AS + PY DHA + PPQ AS + MQ	[1,15,30]
	Anopheles darlingi Anopheles deaneorum	Central and South America	AL AS + MQ
P. malariae	Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles gambiae	Africa	CQ + PQ	[1,15,29,32,33,34]
	Anopheles freeborni Anopheles dirus	Southeastern Pacific
	Anopheles darlingi	South America
P. ovale	Anopheles gambiae Anopheles funestus	Africa	CQ + PQ and/or ART	[1,15,34]
	Anopheles flavirostris Anopheles koliensis Anopheles lesteri	Western Pacific
P. simium	Anopheles nyssorhinchus Anopheles Kerteszia	South America	CQ + PQ	[1,11,15]
P. knowlesi	Anopheles hackeri Anopheles latens Anopheles sundaicus Anopheles dirus Anopheles hacker Anopheles cracens Anopheles introlatus	Malaysia	CQ + PQ	[1,15]
P. cynomolgi	Anopheles balabacensis	Malaysia	CQ + PQ	[1,14,35]

Abbreviations: CQ—chloroquine; PQ—primaquine; AS—artesunate; ART—artemisinin; MQ—mefloquine; AL—artemether-lumefantrine; AQ—amodiaquine; DHA—dihydroartemisinin; PPQ—piperaquine; PY—pyronaridine; SP—sulfadoxinepyrimethamine.