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. 2023 Jun 12;23(12):5518. doi: 10.3390/s23125518

Table 2.

Computation cost comparison (∧ represents exponentiation, ⊕ indicates the XOR operation, “||” is the cascading operation, “Hash” is the hash operation, and “Cro” is the cross operation defined previously. Similarly, PRNG stands for pseudo-random number generator, while “Rot” indicates the displacement operation, and the cost of operations such as ⊕ and “Rot” are relatively lower).

Schemes Cost
Kaul et al. [15]. ,PRNG,Hash
Chien Protocol [10]. ,,||,Rot
Gossamer Protocol [11]. ,,Rot2
Xie Protocol [13]. ,||,Hash
Sarah Protocol [12]. ,,||,Hash
Fan Protocol [14]. ,||,Cro,Rot
Proposed Scheme ,Cro