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Bacterial species with different virulence and antibiotic resistance phenotypes (motile and resistant to antibiotics) may attach to the chronic wound’s bed and develop mono- or poly-microbial biofilms. Within biofilms, persister bacteria show tolerance to antimicrobials. Biomaterials impregnated with antimicrobials (e.g., antibiotics, metal nanoparticles, hybrid nanoparticles) impede the attachment of bacteria and release therapeutic agents, destroying free-floating microorganisms.
