Table 1.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of non-obese patients (BMI < 30 kg/m2) with and without steatosis. MICOL cohort (n = 987).
| Parameters * | Total Cohort (n = 987) |
Steatosis | p ^ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 564) |
Yes (n = 423) |
|||
| Gender (M) (%) | 579 (58.66) | 290 (51.42) | 289 (68.32) | <0.001 ѱ |
| Age (years) | 63.56 ± 11.57 | 63.72 ± 12.22 | 63.34 ± 10.66 | 0.68 |
| Degree of Education (%) | 0.11 ѱ | |||
| No | 262 (28.20) | 160 (30.02) | 102 (25.76) | |
| Elementary School | 295 (31.75) | 151 (28.33) | 144 (36.36) | |
| Secondary School | 245 (26.37) | 147 (27.58) | 98 (24.75) | |
| High School | 83 (8.93) | 51 (9.57) | 32 (8.08) | |
| Short Degree | 44 (4.74) | 24 (4.50) | 20 (5.05) | |
| Smoker (Yes) (%) | 139 (14.96) | 81 (15.53) | 58 (14.61) | 0.79 ѱ |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.66 ± 2.69 | 24.87 ± 2.65 | 26.72 ± 2.37 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.81 ± 7.75 | 76.87 ± 7.62 | 79.06 ± 7.76 | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125.30 ± 15.28 | 124.02 ± 15.76 | 127.01 ± 14.44 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes (Yes) (%) | 66 (8.71) | 34 (7.71) | 32 (10.09) | 0.25 ѱ |
| Hypertension (Yes) (%) | 345 (45.39) | 194 (43.79) | 151 (47.63) | 0.29 ѱ |
| MetS (Yes) (%) | 279 (28.27) | 116 (20.57) | 163 (38.53) | <0.001 ѱ |
| Blood Parameters | ||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 97.84 ± 20.86 | 94.69 ± 16.43 | 102.04 ± 25.01 | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/mL) | 193.26 ± 37.67 | 192.18 ± 37.78 | 194.71 ± 37.52 | 0.35 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 50.95 ± 13.24 | 53.39 ± 13.34 | 47.71 ± 12.40 | <0.0001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 122.95 ± 33.05 | 122.17 ± 32.62 | 123.92 ± 33.61 | 0.31 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 98.94 ± 57.79 | 86.25 ± 47.72 | 115.81 ± 65.28 | <0.0001 |
| Insulin (U/L) | 8.10 ± 27.48 | 7.71 ± 35.99 | 8.63 ± 5.98 | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.12 ± 8.84 | 2.01 ± 11.56 | 2.26 ± 2.11 | <0.0001 |
| RBCs (M/mcL) | 4.87 ± 0.52 | 4.81 ± 0.53 | 4.95 ± 0.49 | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.06 ± 1.49 | 13.85 ± 1.51 | 14.35 ± 1.42 | <0.0001 |
| HCT (%) | 42.41 ± 3.38 | 41.96 ± 3.40 | 42.94 ± 3.29 | 0.0003 |
| MCV (fL) | 85.56 ± 6.81 | 85.75 ± 7.29 | 85.34 ± 6.19 | 0.04 |
| MCH (pg) | 28.92 ± 2.57 | 28.81 ± 2.72 | 29.05 ± 2.37 | 0.25 |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 33.79 ± 1.15 | 33.58 ± 1.13 | 34.03 ± 1.12 | <0.0001 |
| RDW-CV (%) | 13.63 ± 1.16 | 13.67 ± 1.24 | 13.60 ± 1.06 | 0.78 |
| Platelets (K/mcL) | 228.90 ± 59.83 | 230.44 ± 62.35 | 226.85 ± 56.32 | 0.39 |
| WBCs (K/mcL) | 5.98 ± 2.11 | 5.83 ± 2.19 | 6.17 ± 1.98 | 0.0001 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 57.05 ± 8.65 | 57.35 ± 8.72 | 56.69 ± 8.56 | 0.23 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 32.20 ± 8.27 | 31.99 ± 8.39 | 32.45 ± 8.13 | 0.37 |
| Eosinophils (%) | 2.88 ± 1.82 | 2.88 ± 1.83 | 2.88 ± 1.80 | 0.96 |
| Monocytes (%) | 7.34 ± 1.84 | 7.21 ± 1.73 | 7.59 ± 1.95 | 0.07 |
| Basophils (%) | 0.52 ± 0.30 | 0.56 ± 0.34 | 0.48 ± 0.24 | 0.05 |
| Neutrophils (103/µL) | 3.44 ± 1.46 | 3.34 ± 1.17 | 3.57 ± 1.75 | 0.04 |
| Lymphocytes (103/µL) | 1.95 ± 1.71 | 1.90 ± 2.08 | 2.01 ± 1.12 | 0.0004 |
| Monocytes (103/µL) | 0.43 ± 0.17 | 0.41 ± 0.16 | 0.46 ± 0.17 | 0.0001 |
| Eosinophils (103/µL) | 0.17 ± 0.11 | 0.16 ± 0.11 | 0.17 ± 0.11 | 0.15 |
| Basophils (103/µL) | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.87 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 36.56 ± 7.43 | 35.10 ± 6.33 | 38.30 ± 8.23 | <0.0001 |
| Fractional total bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.72 ± 0.37 | 0.71 ± 0.38 | 0.74 ± 0.37 | 0.32 |
| Direct fractional bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.24 |
| Indirect fractional bilirubinemia (mg/dL) | 0.50 ± 0.28 | 0.46 ± 0.24 | 0.55 ± 0.33 | 0.33 |
| GOT (U/L) | 22.90 ± 20.08 | 23.14 ± 25.50 | 22.58 ± 8.70 | 0.01 |
| SGPT (U/L) | 22.68 ± 18.08 | 21.61 ± 21.25 | 24.10 ± 12.56 | <0.0001 |
| GGT (U/I) | 19.71 ± 15.83 | 17.89 ± 13.20 | 22.14 ± 18.49 | <0.0001 |
| Albumin (%) | 4.15 ± 0.26 | 4.13 ± 0.26 | 4.17 ± 0.25 | 0.10 |
| Iron (mg/dL) | 90.02 ± 30.94 | 88.76 ± 30.97 | 91.52 ± 30.90 | 0.35 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 40.02 ± 10.80 | 40.18 ± 11.87 | 39.80 ± 9.19 | 0.71 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.82 ± 0.34 | 0.81 ± 0.42 | 0.83 ± 0.18 | 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 84.97 ± 9.98 | 85.47 ± 10.41 | 84.39 ± 9.44 | 0.14 |
| AAT (mg/dL) | 184.50 ± 40.52 | 183.68 ± 39.58 | 185.48 ± 41.67 | 0.78 |
| Folate (ng/mL) | 8.46 ± 4.95 | 8.64 ± 4.97 | 8.23 ± 4.91 | 0.08 |
| Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 368.02 ± 513.64 | 385.44 ± 575.76 | 344.86 ± 416.57 | 0.64 |
| TSH (mUI/mL) | 959.08 ± 1395.93 | 961.07 ± 1501.29 | 956.44 ± 1245.06 | 0.89 |
| FT3 (pg/mL) | 3.32 ± 0.47 | 3.29 ± 0.45 | 3.36 ± 0.48 | 0.01 |
| FT4 (ng/mL) | 0.87 ± 0.32 | 0.86 ± 0.15 | 0.87 ± 0.45 | 0.52 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.23 ± 0.49 | 0.17 ± 0.26 | 0.30 ± 0.65 | <0.0001 |
* As mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and as frequency and percentage (%) for categorical variables. ^ Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann–Whitney), ѱ chi-square test. Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; MeS, metabolic syndrome; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; RBCs, red blood cells; HCT, hematocrit (he-MAT-uh-krit); MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW-CV, red cell distribution width; WBCs, white blood cells; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; GOT, aspartate aminotransferase; SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AAT, alpha-1-antitrypsin; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, thyroxine; PCR, CRP, C-reactive protein.