Table 2.

Association between standardized HEI 2015 scores and eGFR among 12,817 participants aged 40–79 years in the NHANES.

	Weighted β Coefficient (95% CI) for eGFR
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Overall HEI-2015	0.86 (0.57, 1.14) *	1.11 (0.81, 1.41) *	0.94 (0.64, 1.23) *
Total fruits	0.47 (0.18, 0.76) *	0.68 (0.39, 0.98) *	0.55 (0.26, 0.85) *
Whole fruits	0.59 (0.30, 0.88) *	0.78 (0.48, 1.08) *	0.69 (0.40, 0.99) *
Total vegetables	0.47 (0.18, 0.76) *	0.60 (0.31, 0.89) *	0.59 (0.30, 0.88) *
Greens and beans	0.65 (0.36, 0.94) *	0.72 (0.43, 1.00) *	0.63 (0.34, 0.92) *
Whole grain	0.43 (0.14, 0.71) *	0.59 (0.29, 0.88) *	0.56 (0.27, 0.85) *
Refined grain	−0.06 (−0.36, 0.23)	−0.01 (−0.30, 0.29)	−0.14 (−0.43, 0.16)
Total dairy	0.14 (−0.15, 0.44)	0.21 (−0.09, 0.50)	0.17 (−0.12, 0.46)
Total protein	−0.14 (−0.42, 0.15)	−0.11 (−0.39, 0.18)	−0.02 (−0.30, 0.27)
Seafood and plant protein	0.62 (0.33, 0.90) *	0.70 (0.41, 0.99) *	0.63 (0.34, 0.92) *
Fatty acid	0.26 (−0.03, 0.54)	0.31 (0.03, 0.60) *	0.31 (0.02, 0.59) *
Saturated fat	0.40 (0.11, 0.69) *	0.44 (0.15, 0.73) *	0.31 (0.02, 0.60) *
Sodium	0.18 (−0.11, 0.46)	0.08 (−0.20, 0.37)	−0.17 (−0.46, 0.12)
Added sugar	0.49 (0.20, 0.78) *	0.64 (0.34, 0.93) *	0.76 (0.47, 1.06) *

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and race; Model 2: model plus education, income, total energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity; Model 3: Model 2 plus BMI, self-reported hypertension, self-reported diabetes, and self-reported cardiovascular disease; * p < 0.05.