TABLE 1.
Summary of CAR-M-based preclinical studies and clinical trials.
| Target antigen | Intracellular domain | Gene delivery | Macrophage source | Application strategy | Clinical trials | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CEA | CD64 | adenoviral vector | Monocytes derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) | in vitro | - | Biglari et al. (2006) |
| CD19 CD22 | Fc Gamma | lentiviral vector | J774A.1 Macrophages Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) | in vitro | - | Morrissey et al. (2018) |
| Megf10 | ||||||
| MerTK | ||||||
| Bai1 | ||||||
| CD3zeta | ||||||
| PI3K | ||||||
| HER2 | CD147 | lentiviral vector | Raw264.7 | in vitro | - | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| CCR7 | TLR2 | lentiviral vector | RAW264.7 | in vitro | - | Niu et al. (2021) |
| TLR4 | ||||||
| TLR6 | ||||||
| MerTK | ||||||
| 4-1BB-CD3ζ | ||||||
| CD19 ALK | CD28−CD3ζ | Non-viral vector: jetPEI-macrophage (MPEI) | RAW264.7 | in vivo | - | Kang et al. (2021) |
| M2 BMDM | ||||||
| M2 TAMs | ||||||
| CD133 | CD3ζ | Non-viral vector: nanoporter (NP)-hydrogel | THP-1 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) RAW 264.7 | in vivo | - | Chen et al. (2022a) |
| CD19 | CD3ζ | Non-viral vector: Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) | RAW264.7 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) | in vitro | - | Ye et al. (2022) |
| Mesothelin | CD3ζ | MaxCyte GT System™ | Peripheral blood monocytes | in vitro | NCT03608618 | Hung et al. (2018) |
| CD19 | CD3ζ | adenoviral vector (Ad5f35) | THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages | in vitro | NCT04660929 | Klichinsky et al. (2020)_ |
| Mesothelin | ||||||
| HER2 | ||||||
| HER2 | CD3ζ | adenoviral vector (Ad5f35) | Peripheral blood monocytes | in vitro | - | Gabitova et al. (2021) |
| CD19 meso | CD86-FcγR I | lentiviral vector | iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) | in vitro | - | Zhang et al. (2020) |
| CEA | CD28−CD3ζ | lentiviral vector | THP-1 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) | in vitro | - | Paasch et al. (2022) |