TABLE 1.
Summary of CAR-M-based preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Target antigen | Intracellular domain | Gene delivery | Macrophage source | Application strategy | Clinical trials | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CEA | CD64 | adenoviral vector | Monocytes derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) | in vitro | - | Biglari et al. (2006) |
CD19 CD22 | Fc Gamma | lentiviral vector | J774A.1 Macrophages Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) | in vitro | - | Morrissey et al. (2018) |
Megf10 | ||||||
MerTK | ||||||
Bai1 | ||||||
CD3zeta | ||||||
PI3K | ||||||
HER2 | CD147 | lentiviral vector | Raw264.7 | in vitro | - | Zhang et al. (2019) |
CCR7 | TLR2 | lentiviral vector | RAW264.7 | in vitro | - | Niu et al. (2021) |
TLR4 | ||||||
TLR6 | ||||||
MerTK | ||||||
4-1BB-CD3ζ | ||||||
CD19 ALK | CD28−CD3ζ | Non-viral vector: jetPEI-macrophage (MPEI) | RAW264.7 | in vivo | - | Kang et al. (2021) |
M2 BMDM | ||||||
M2 TAMs | ||||||
CD133 | CD3ζ | Non-viral vector: nanoporter (NP)-hydrogel | THP-1 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) RAW 264.7 | in vivo | - | Chen et al. (2022a) |
CD19 | CD3ζ | Non-viral vector: Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) | RAW264.7 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) | in vitro | - | Ye et al. (2022) |
Mesothelin | CD3ζ | MaxCyte GT System™ | Peripheral blood monocytes | in vitro | NCT03608618 | Hung et al. (2018) |
CD19 | CD3ζ | adenoviral vector (Ad5f35) | THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages | in vitro | NCT04660929 | Klichinsky et al. (2020)_ |
Mesothelin | ||||||
HER2 | ||||||
HER2 | CD3ζ | adenoviral vector (Ad5f35) | Peripheral blood monocytes | in vitro | - | Gabitova et al. (2021) |
CD19 meso | CD86-FcγR I | lentiviral vector | iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) | in vitro | - | Zhang et al. (2020) |
CEA | CD28−CD3ζ | lentiviral vector | THP-1 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) | in vitro | - | Paasch et al. (2022) |