Figure 9.

Optimal RCS versus frequency and corresponding optimal design using methods of optimisation considered in this study at a population size of ${10}^6$. (a) Comparison of radar cross-section versus frequency for the optimal design obtained from genetic algorithm and active learning with and without the surrogate model at a population size of ${10}^6$. (b) Optimal design obtained from genetic algorithm and active learning with and without the surrogate model, respectively, at a population size of ${10}^6$.