Table 1.
Characteristics of the individual studies on XDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB among DR-TB patients in globally included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis.
| First author, year | Study design | Country | WHO regions | Study period | MDR-TB | XDR-TB | Pre-XDR-TB | XDR-TB New | XDR-TB Previous treated | Pre- XDR-TB New | Pre- XDR-TB Previous treated | FQs resistance | SLIDs resistance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||
| Adwani et al. [14] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2014 | 227 | 11 | 127 | 11 | 0 | 127 | 0 | 127 | 19 |
| Agonafir et al. [15] | cross-sectional | Ethiopia | AFR | 2005–2006 | 46 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Araujo et al. [75] | cross-sectional | Brazil | AMR | 2013–2019 | 33 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| Elion Assiana et al. [16] | cross-sectional | Congo | AFR | 2018–2019 | 9 | 1 | 1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2 | 1 |
| Banerjee et al. [17] | cross-sectional | California | AMR | 1993–2006 | 424 | 18 | 77 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Bedru et al. [18] | cross-sectional | Ethiopia | AFR | 2017–2018 | 30 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | NR | NR |
| Calver et al. [19] | cross-sectional | South Africa | AFR | 2003–2005 | 77 | 5 | 26 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Chen et al. [20] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2014 –2015 | 51 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 14 | 24 | 0 |
| Cheng et al. [21] | cross-sectional | Cambodia | WPR | 2012– 2017 | 118 | 3 | 16 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 15 | 5 |
| Dagne et al. [20] | cross-sectional | Ethiopia | AFR | 2019 | 99 | 1 | 8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 7 | 3 |
| Dala et al. [21] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2005–2013 | 340 | 33 | 193 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 179 | 41 |
| Daniel et al. [24] | cross-sectional | Nigeria | AFR | 2007–2011 | 50 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 8 | NR |
| Diriba et al. [25] | cross-sectional | Ethiopia | AFR | 2019 | 14 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ennassiri et al. [26] | cross-sectional | Morocco | EMR | 2015 | 155 | 4 | 18 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 16 | 6 |
| Gadhav et al. [27] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2019 | 700 | 23 | 143 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 106 | 58 |
| Gallo et al. [28] | cross-sectional | Brazil | AMR | 2011–2013 | 313 | 32 | 60 | 6 | 26 | 1 | 47 | 59 | 33 |
| He et al. [29] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2015 | 102 | 9 | 30 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 24 | 6 |
| Jabbar et al. [30] | cross-sectional | Pakistan | EMR | 2016–2017 | 62 | 5 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 5 | 5 |
| Jain et al. [31] | retrospective | India | SEAR | 2007–2009 | 130 | 11 | 55 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 36 | 19 |
| Jaksuwan et al. [32] | cross-sectional | Thailand | SEAR | 2005–2012 | 24 | 1 | 9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| James et al. [33] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2003 –2007 | 103 | 45 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Javaid et al. [34] | cross-sectional | Pakistan | EMR | 2011–2012 | 132 | 2 | 65 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 67 | 5 |
| Kozinska et al. [5] | cross-sectional | Poland | EUR | 2000–2009 | 297 | 36 | 19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kumar et al. [35] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2014–2016 | 173 | 3 | 33 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 28 | NR | NR |
| Kuo et al. [36] | cross-sectional | Taiwan | WPR | 2011–2015 | 63 | 4 | 0 | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| Lai et al. [37] | cross-sectional | Taiwan | WPR | 2000–2006 | 150 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 9 | NR | NR | 6 | 4 |
| Lee et al. [38] | cross-sectional | South Korea | WPR | 2011–2017 | 85 | 9 | 29 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 32 | 15 |
| Lee et al. [39] | cross-sectional | Korea | WPR | 2006–2013 | 145 | 55 | 0 | 27 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 12 |
| Macedo et al. [40] | cross-sectional | Portugal | EUR | 2008–2010 | 50 | 12 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Madukaji et al. [41] | cross-sectional | Nigeria | AFR | 2018–2019 | 101 | 12 | 16 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 5 | 12 |
| Matsui et al. [42] | cross-sectional | Brazil | AMR | 2016–2017 | 92 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | NR | NR |
| Mbuh et al. [43] | cross-sectional | Cameroon | AFR | 2016–2017 | 75 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | NR | NR |
| Misra et al. [44] | cohort study | India | SEAR | 2017–2019 | 62 | 48 | 11 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 48 | 11 |
| Mohan et al. [45] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2012 | 87 | 3 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Mok et al. [46] | cross-sectional | Korea | WPR | 2010–2014 | 378 | 47 | 78 | 20 | 27 | 37 | 41 | 96 | 68 |
| Momen et al. [47] | cross-sectional | Morocco | EMR | 2015–2018 | 200 | 5 | 48 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 42 | 27 | 25 |
| Namburete et al. [48] | cross-sectional | Mozambique | AFR | 2014–2015 | 25 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | 6 | 0 |
| Nguyen et al. [49] | cross-sectional | Vietnamese | WPR | 2011 | 91 | 5 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 5 |
| Noor et al. [50] | cross-sectional | Bangladesh | SEAR | 2011–2012 | 59 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 2 |
| Park et al. [51] | retrospective | Korea | WPR | 2008 | 2,472 | 749 | 0 | 313 | 436 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR |
| Poudel et al. [52] | cross-sectional | Nepal | SEAR | 2007–2010 | 109 | 13 | 43 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Qi et al. [53] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2009–2011 | 249 | 31 | 77 | 10 | 21 | NR | NR | 89 | 41 |
| Ramachandran et al. [54] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2005 | 216 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | NR | NR | 52 | 10 |
| Riccardi et al. [55] | retrospective | Italy | EUR | 2000–2015 | 370 | 0 | 83 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Salvato et al. [56] | cross-sectional | Brazil | AMR | 2013–2014 | 87 | 4 | 8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Sethi et al. [57] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2018 | 687 | 59 | 265 | 6 | 53 | 103 | 192 | 295 | 70 |
| Sharma et al. [58] | retrospective | India | SEAR | 2003 | 211 | 5 | 25 | 5 | NR | NR | 21 | 14 | |
| Sharma et al. [59] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2014–2016 | 49 | 1 | 9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Shibabaw et al. [60] | cross-sectional | Ethiopia | AFR | 2016–2018 | 176 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | NR | NR |
| Singhal et al. [61] | cross-sectional | India | SEAR | 2012–2013 | 87 | 10 | 43 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 41 | 16 |
| Tasnim et al. [62] | cross-sectional | Bangladesh | SEAR | 2016–2017 | 68 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 2 |
| Tuladhar et al. [63] | cross-sectional | Nepal | SEAR | 2015 | 57 | 1 | 29 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 21 | 8 |
| Ullah et al. [64] | retrospective | Pakistan | EMR | 2019–2020 | 180 | 8 | 62 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 62 | 8 |
| Vashakidze et al. [65] | cross-sectional | Georgia | EUR | 2005–2007 | 261 | 33 | 96 | 6 | 27 | NR | NR | 75 | 54 |
| Wang et al. [66] | cross-sectional | china | WPR | 2008–2012 | 206 | 41 | 90 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 90 | 35 |
| Wang et al. [67] | cross-sectional | china | WPR | 2020 | 391 | 28 | 94 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 68 | NR |
| Welekidan et al. [68] | cross-sectional | Ethiopia | AFR | 2018–2019 | 38 | 0 | 2 | NR | NR | NR | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Xu et al. [69] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2015–2018 | 17 | 0 | 9 | NR | NR | 1 | 8 | 9 | NR |
| Yang et al. [70] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2008–2009 | 239 | 29 | 138 | 14 | 15 | 64 | 74 | 134 | 77 |
| Yang et al. [71] | cross-sectional | Korea | WPR | 2017 | 420 | 9 | 17 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Yao et al. [13] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2018–2019 | 425 | 29 | 282 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 311 | 171 |
| Yuan et al. [72] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2010–2011 | 77 | 16 | 26 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 16 | 13 |
| Yuan et al. [73] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2010–2011 | 159 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Zheng et al. [74] | cross-sectional | China | WPR | 2014–2016 | 88 | 9 | 44 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 34 | 11 |
AFR, African region; AMR, region of the Americas; DR-TB, drug-resistant tuberculosis; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean eegion; EUR, European region; FQs, fluoroquinolone; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; SEAR, South-East Asian region; SLID, second-line injectable drug; WPR, Western Pacific region; XDR-TB, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.