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. 2023 Jun 15;16(6):881. doi: 10.3390/ph16060881

Table 5.

List of important organosulfur/isothiocyanate classes of plant-based antimicrobial agents reported and their sources, pathogenic targets, and mechanisms of action.

Bioactive Compound Chemical Formula PubChem CID Chemical Structure * Plant Source Target Pathogen Mode of Action References
Allicin C6H10OS2 65036 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i039.jpg Allium sativum L. Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus subtilis,
Bacillus typhosus, Bacillus paratyphosus, Morganella
morganii, Bacillus enteritidis,
Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Helicobacter pylori, drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 		Sulfhydryl-dependent enzyme
inhibitor, DNA/RNA synthesis
inhibitor, inhibitor of acetyl-CoA synthases in yeasts		 [169,174,178,179]
Ajoene C9H14OS3 5386591 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i040.jpg Allium sativum L. Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori Sulfhydryl-dependent enzyme [168,180]
Sulforaphane C6H11NOS2 5350 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i041.jpg Brassicaceae
Burnett.		 Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli Membrane destruction, ATP synthase inhibitor, DNA/protein synthesis inhibitor [181]
Allyl isothiocyanates (AITCs) C4H5NS 5971 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i042.jpg Armoracia rusticana G.Gaertn., B.Mey., & Scherb. Oral pathogens, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli Inhibition of urease, reducing the inflammatory component of Helicobacter infections, inhibition of ATP binding sites of P-ATPase in bacteria [92,170]
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) C8H7NS 2346 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i043.jpg Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disruption of membrane integrity [176]
Phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC) C9H9NS 16741 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i044.jpg Brassica campestris L.,
Brassica rapa L.		 Gram-positive bacteria Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane [92,182]
Berteroin C7H13NS2 206037 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i045.jpg Brassica oleracea L. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori NA [93]
Cheirolin C5H9NO2S2 10454 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i046.jpg Cheiranthus cheiri L. Helicobacter pylori NA [134]
Alyssin C7H13NOS2 206035 graphic file with name pharmaceuticals-16-00881-i047.jpg Alyssum L. sp. Helicobacter pylori NA [134]

* Chemical structures of compounds have been taken from PubChem; www.pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed on 10 December 2022).