25(OH)D	25-hydroxy vitamin d
acetyl CoA	acetyl coenzyme a
ACSM	american college of sports medicine
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
B1	thiamine
B12	cyano-cobalamin
B2	riboflavin
B3	niacin
B5	pantothenic acid
B6	pyridoxine
BCKDH	branched-chain-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
BMD	bone mineral density
Ca	calcium
COX	cyclooxygenases
COX2	cyclooxygenase-2
CrI	credible interval
CRP	c-reactive protein
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DPPH	1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl
DXA	dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
EA	energy availability
EAE	exhaustive aerobic exercise
EIMD	exercise-induced muscle damage
F	female
Fe	iron
FSV	fat soluble vitamins
GABA	gamma-aminobutyric acid
GPx	plasma glutathione peroxidase
HLA-DR	human leukocyte antigen—dr
IU	international unit
K	potassium
LEA	low energy availability
LOX	lipoxygenase
M	male
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
mcg	micrograms
Mcg RAE	micrograms of retinol activity equivalents
Mg	magnesium
Mn	manganese
Mn SOD	mn superoxide dismutase
MV	maximum velocity
N/A	not available
Na	sodium
NDNS	the uk national diet and nutrition survey
NF-κB	the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated b cells
NR	not reported
PGE2	prostaglandin e2
PMS	premenstrual syndrome
RAE	retinol activity equivalent
RBCs	red blood cells
RDA	the recommended daily allowance
RED-S	relative energy deficit in sport
ROSs	reactive oxygen species
RR	risk ratio
Th1/Th2	t helper type 1/t helper type 2
TMIN	trace minerals, contained in a single tablet taken once/day
TNF-alpha	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TPK1	thiamine pyrophosphokinase
TPP	thiamine pyrophosphate
UK	United Kingdom
UL	tolerable upper intake level
UV	ultraviolet
WHO	world health organization
WSV	water-soluble vitamins
Zn	zinc
β-carotene	β-carotene