Table 8.
Plants used in companion farming.
| Major Crop | Companion Plants | Enemy | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triticum aestivum L. | Vigna radiata L. | Sitobion avenae | The odor blends of host and non-host plants affect the host selection of S. avenae | [230] |
| Triticum aestivum L. | Brassica napa (Allium sativum) | Sitobion avenae | Attracting natural enemies (lady beetle) | [231] |
| Zea mays | Desmodium spp. | Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. | Producing allelochemicals to suppress the Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. germination | [232] |
| Zea mays | Vicia faba | Spodoptera frugiperda | Feeding and repellents | [233] |
| Brassica oleracea | Brassica nigra, Tagetus spp. | Common brassica pests | Volatiles attracted natural enemies of pests | [227] |
| Vegetable crops | Tagetes minuta, Artemisia annua, Bidens pilosa, and Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium | Meloidogyne incognita | Root volatiles are repellants to nematodes | [234] |
| Rubus species | Mentha × piperita | Drosophila suzukii | Volatiles act as oviposition deterrent | [235] |
| Allium cepa L. | Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. | Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman | Pests are drawn by companion plant volatiles | [236] |