Table 1.
Research advances in the role of autophagy in colorectal cancer
|
Effects
|
Action cells
|
Targets
|
Pathways and mechanisms
|
| As a tumor suppressor | CRC | SNX10 | SRC-STAT3 and SRC-TNNB1 |
| CRC | PHLDA2 | PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β | |
| CRC | BRG1 | Defective autophagy results in excess reactive oxygen species | |
| CRC | BeclinI | PI3K/AKT/mTOR | |
| As a tumor promoter | CRC and macrophages | NBR1 | After being regulated, MHC-I can affect the immune system and lead to immune evasion |
| CRC | RAS | MEK/ERK | |
| Regulatory T cells (Treg) | Atg7 | Down-regulation of the immune-suppressive protein FOXP3 promotes immune evasion | |
| CSC | ATG5, ATG7 | Affects the expressions of stemness markers Oct4, SOX2 and Nanog | |
| Tumor-initiating cells | PRKC | PRKC/PKC-EZR | |
| CRC | IL-6 | IL-6/JAK2/BECN1 | |
| Normal Colonic epithelial cells | TRAF6 | MAP1LC3B/LC3B ubiquitination |
CSC: Cancer stem cell; CRC: Colorectal cancer; SNX10: Sorting nexin 10; PHLDA2: Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; MHC-I: Major histocompatibility complex I.