Figure 4. Relationship Between Number of Emergency Room Visits and PM₁₀ by Disease Classification, Expressed as Rate Ratio (RR), with 95% Confidence Intervals. Various lag structures are considered for PM₁₀.

Outcome	1-Day Lag		2-Day Lag		3-Day MA		7-Day MA
	RR (95% CI)	p-val.	RR (95% CI)	p-val.	RR (95% CI)	p-val.	RR (95% CI)	p-val.
Asthma	1.01 (0.98, 1.04)	0.46	1.00 (0.96, 1.03)	0.87	1.00 (0.95, 1.05)	0.98	1.01 (0.94, 1.09)	0.71
COPD	1.00 (0.96, 1.03)	0.86	1.02 (0.99, 1.05)	0.21	1.02 (0.97, 1.07)	0.56	1.02 (0.95, 1.10)	0.59
CHF	1.02 (0.99, 1.06)	0.21	0.98 (0.94, 1.04)	0.55	1.00 (0.93, 1.07)	0.97	0.96 (0.86, 1.06)	0.40
MI	0.97 (0.90, 1.05)	0.42	1.02 (0.96, 1.07)	0.58	0.97 (0.87, 1.07)	0.55	0.94 (0.82, 1.08)	0.41
Stroke	1.04 (0.99, 1.09)	0.15	1.01 (0.95, 1.08)	0.72	1.02 (0.92, 1.14)	0.69	0.96 (0.81, 1.13)	0.62
Urolithiasis	1.04 (1.00, 1.07)	0.03	1.02 (0.99, 1.06)	0.23	1.07 (1.01, 1.13)	0.03	1.08 (0.99, 1.17)	0.10

Notes: This table describes rate ratio (RR) for incidence of primary health outcomes with varying PM₁₀ lag structures. RR are for increases in PM₁₀ of 10 μg/m³. RR (95% CI) estimated from multivariable Poisson models as described in Methods. p-values are reported to the second decimal place. COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CHF = Congestive Heart Failure; MI = Myocardial Infarction.