Table 3.
Association of GRS based on 12 SNPs with metabolic traits
| Traits | GRS < 2 (n = 217) | GRS = 2 (n = 656) | GRS = 3 (n = 691) | GRS = 4 (n = 459) | GRS > 4 (n = 486) | β | SE | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 31.94 ± 3.86 | 31.83 ± 4.14 | 31.97 ± 4.11 | 31.52 ± 3.89 | 31.65 ± 4.21 | - | - | - |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 20.81 (19.53–22.77) | 21.21 (19.40–22.86) | 21.03 (19.47–22.89) | 20.81 (19.23–22.86) | 20.77 (19.03–22.66) | - | - | - |
| FPG, mmol/L | 4.41 (4.20–4.66) | 4.47 (4.25–4.75) | 4.47 (4.23–4.76) | 4.49 (4.22–4.76) | 4.48 (4.25–4.76) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| 1 h-PG, mmol/L | 8.30 (7.00–9.46) | 8.31 (7.07–9.64) | 8.29 (7.10–9.60) | 8.16 (6.90–9.68) | 8.32 (7.02–9.68) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.109 |
| 2 h-PG, mmol/L | 6.85 (6.01–8.12) | 7.11 (6.21–8.51) | 7.09 (6.07–8.40) | 7.06 (6.10–8.54) | 7.23 (6.11–8.49) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.118 |
| GAUC, mmol/L·h | 13.87 (12.29–15.78) | 14.16 (12.49–16.06) | 14.15 (12.39–16.08) | 13.99 (12.31–16.13) | 14.12 (12.38–16.17) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.044 |
| DCCT-HbA1c, % | 5.20 (5.00–5.40) | 5.20 (5.00–5.40) | 5.20 (5.00–5.38) | 5.20 (5.00–5.40) | 5.20 (5.00–5.40) | 1.92E-4 | 0.002 | 0.662 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.69 (4.98–6.52) | 5.72 (4.90–6.45) | 5.70 (4.97–6.52) | 5.65 (5.00–6.40) | 5.70 (4.90–6.40) | 1.51E-4 | 0.003 | 0.932 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 2.10 (1.69–2.75) | 2.20 (1.74–2.79) | 2.16 (1.71–2.85) | 2.14 (1.68–2.82) | 2.18 (1.71–2.90) | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.172 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.92 (2.41–3.48) | 2.95 (2.44–3.57) | 3.00 (2.44–3.62) | 2.89 (2.36–3.47) | 2.94 (2.45–3.55) | -0.001 | 0.008 | 0.787 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.91 (1.71–2.18) | 1.85 (1.59–2.16) | 1.89 (1.61–2.15) | 1.90 (1.57–2.20) | 1.90 (1.59–2.16) | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.552 |
| Fasting insulin, mU/L | 8.46 (5.98–12.05) | 9.52 (6.26–13.37) | 8.96 (6.31–12.36) | 9.12 (6.26–13.14) | 8.53 (5.79–12.54) | -0.002 | 0.004 | 0.620 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.67 (1.15–2.40) | 1.90 (1.20–2.71) | 1.78 (1.23–2.53) | 1.84 (1.19–2.73) | 1.71 (1.15–2.58) | 6.58E-5 | 0.004 | 0.987 |
| HOMA-β | 193.42 (127.05–275.63) | 197.38 (130.54–281.43) | 186.62 (128.72–272.83) | 195.48 (133.02–275.91) | 174.60 (125.05–256.99) | -0.010 | 0.004 | 0.017 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range)
The association between GRS groups (1,2,3,4,5) and traits were analysed using linear regression adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, history of PCOS, history of GDM, and family history of diabetes. P values < 0.05 are written in bold letters