Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 participants as stratified by baseline LVMi of ≤ or > 60 g/m2
| LVMi ≤ 60 g/m2 | LVMi > 60 g/m2 |
p-value (LVMi ≤ 60 g/m2 vs. LVMi > 60 g/m2) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All N = 54 |
Empagliflozin N = 30 |
Placebo N = 24 |
All N = 43 |
Empagliflozin N = 19 |
Placebo N = 24 |
||
| Age, years | 66 (57–71) | 66 (58–71) | 67 (57–72) | 63 (53–67) | 62 (53–65) | 64 (52–70) | 0.070 |
| Female | 5 (9.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | 2 (8.3%) | 2 (4.7%) | 2 (10.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1 (23.8–29.8) | 26.8 (24.2–31.0) | 25.5 (23.3–27.6) | 27.7 (25.4–30.1) | 26.1 (24.7–29.9) | 28.4 (26.2–30.2) | 0.099 |
| Duration of Diabetes, years | 10.3 (8.0–17.0) | 11.7 (9.0–17.0) | 10.0 (7.0–17.0) | 5.5 (2.2–15.0) | 4.0 (2.0–15.0) | 7.0 (3.0–15.0) | 0.002 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.0 (7.2–8.3) | 8.1 (7.7–8.4) | 7.6 (7.2–8.2) | 7.9 (7.4–8.7) | 7.6 (7.2-8.0) | 8.5 (7.4–9.1) | 0.54 |
| Glucose (random), mmol/L | 7.6 (6.3–10.5) | 7.3 (6.6–11.5) | 7.8 (6.1–10.2) | 10.1 (7.0-14.4) | 9.0 (6.8–14.4) | 10.5 (7.8–14.5) | 0.013 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 130 (120–143) | 128 (121–140) | 134 (119–144) | 134 (121–153) | 133 (118–160) | 135 (128–149) | 0.12 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 75 (68–81) | 74 (68–80) | 76 (70–84) | 76 (70–82) | 75 (68–91) | 77 (71–80) | 0.65 |
| Cholesterol (random), mg/dL | 122.6 (109.4-135.3) | 124.1 (114.8-143.5) | 118.1 (105.4-130.5) | 122.4 (106.7-143.1) | 120.3 (101.7-137.3) | 123.0 (106.7-149.3) | 0.81 |
| LDL-Cholesterol, mg/dL | 47.6 (40.0-65.5) | 53.8 (41.4–71.9) | 44.9 (39.1–59.6) | 54.5 (38.7–73.5) | 55.3 (39.8–71.2) | 53.8 (37.9–78.5) | 0.43 |
| HDL-Cholesterol, mg/dL | 40.2 (32.1–45.2) | 40.2 (32.1–43.7) | 38.7 (33.1–46.6) | 37.5 (34.8–43.7) | 37.1 (35.6–40.2) | 37.5 (32.5–46.0) | 0.89 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 168.3 (119.6-217.9) | 170.1 (124.9-221.4) | 154.6 (108.9-186.4) | 157.2 (110.7-193.1) | 164.7 (110.7-201.9) | 155.9 (109.8-184.2) | 0.82 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73m2 | 87.9 (71.4–97.8) | 86.9 (77.7–97.8) | 88.4 (67.1–98.6) | 86.6 (79.7-100.4) | 86.5 (80.4–98.2) | 87.6 (79.6-101.9) | 0.47 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 0.68 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.8 (12.7–15.0) | 14.1 (13.1–15.0) | 13.4 (12.7–14.8) | 14.2 (13.3–15.0) | 14.4 (12.8–15.3) | 14.1 (13.4–15.0) | 0.45 |
| Hematocrit. % | 0.42 (0.39–0.44) | 0.42 (0.40–0.46) | 0.41 (0.39–0.43) | 0.43 (0.40–0.44) | 0.43 (0.40–0.46) | 0.42 (0.40–0.44) | 0.32 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 102 (53–178) | 93 (44–158) | 114 (59–217) | 115 (55–329) | 107 (58–335) | 116 (55–312) | 0.15 |
| Previous PCI | 30 (55.6%) | 19 (63.3%) | 11 (45.8%) | 15 (34.9%) | 7 (36.8%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.043 |
| Previous CABG | 28 (51.9%) | 15 (50.0%) | 13 (54.2%) | 27 (62.8%) | 13 (68.4%) | 14 (58.3%) | 0.28 |
| Heart Failure | 5 (9.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.23 |
| Hypertension | 49 (90.7%) | 27 (90.0%) | 22 (91.7%) | 38 (90.5%) | 18 (94.7%) | 21 (87.5%) | 1.00 |
| Diabetic Nephropathy | 2 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.50 |
| Stroke or TIA | 44 (81.5%) | 7 (23.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | 39 (90.7%) | 1 (5.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.25 |
| Peripheral Artery Disease | 50 (92.6%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (8.3%) | 42 (97.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.38 |
| Past or Current Smoker | 33 (61.1%) | 12 (40.0%) | 9 (37.5%) | 22 (51.2%) | 8 (42.1%) | 13 (54.2%) | 0.33 |
| Metformin | 52 (96.3%) | 30 (100.0%) | 22 (91.7%) | 39 (90.7%) | 17 (89.5%) | 22 (91.7%) | 0.40 |
| Insulin | 10 (18.5%) | 6 (20.0%) | 4 (16.7%) | 14 (32.6%) | 6 (31.6%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.11 |
| Statin | 51 (94.4%) | 29 (96.7%) | 22 (91.7%) | 42 (97.7%) | 18 (94.7%) | 24 (100.0%) | 0.63 |
| ACEi/ARB | 47 (87.0%) | 26 (86.7%) | 21 (87.5%) | 34 (79.1%) | 14 (73.7%) | 20 (83.3%) | 0.41 |
| Furosemide/Thiazide | 5 (9.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | 10 (23.3%) | 2 (10.5%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.089 |
| Beta Blocker | 42 (77.8%) | 23 (76.7%) | 19 (79.2%) | 34 (81.0%) | 15 (78.9%) | 20 (83.3%) | 0.80 |
| Calcium Channel Blocker | 11 (20.4%) | 3 (10.0%) | 8 (33.3%) | 10 (23.3%) | 3 (15.8%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.81 |
| ASA/P2Y12 Inhibitor | 43 (79.6%) | 23 (76.7%) | 20 (83.3%) | 38 (88.4%) | 17 (89.5%) | 21 (87.5%) | 0.28 |
Data are presented as either frequency (%) or median (IQR).
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IGFBP7, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LVMi, left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA; transient ischemic attack.