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. 2023 Jun 12;15(6):1715. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061715

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Different cell sources for the isolation of EVs used for the treatment of kidney diseases and their mechanisms of action. This picture summarizes the main cell sources of the EVs used for the treatment of kidney diseases and their principal therapeutic effects in AKI (orange arrows), AKI-CKD transition (yellow arrows), and CKD (green arrows).