Table 1.

Summary of the most efficient culture conditions elaborated for micropropagation of various species of the Boraginaceae family.

Plant Species	Culture Conditions for the Highest Shoot Proliferation	Reference
Arnebia euchroma	LS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L TDZ: 8.6 shoots per cotyledon explant	[32]
A. euchroma	MS medium: 7–15 shoots per explant (shoot bud) cultivated in a sequence of transfer from 20 µM TDZ (10 days) to 5 µM TDZ (20 days)	[33]
Echium orientale	MS medium containing 1 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L IAA, leafy and petiole explants: 8.7 shoots per explant	[34]
	MS medium without any phytohormones: the highest root formation
A. benthamii	MS medium with 3 µM TDZ and 1.5 µM IAA: 20.1/explant (shoot tip)	[35]
A. hispidissima	MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP: 17.2 shoots per nodal explant	[36]
	1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was the most effective for root induction
	MS medium with addition of 0.5 mg/L kinetin, 0.25 mg/L BAP, 0.1 mg/L IAA, and 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate: cluster of multiple shoots developing from shoot tip and nodal segment; in addition, newly formed shoots not only appeared on the cut edge of the explant but also covered their surface	[37]
Lithospermum erythrorhizon	LS medium supplemented with a combination of 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 2 mg/L BAP; the highest shoot multiplication was from shoot segments	[38]
L. canescens	LS medium supplemented with a combination of 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 2 mg/L BAP: 6.2 newly developed auxiliary shoots per explant (i.e., shoot tips or shoot fragments with one node)	[39]
Onosma paniculata	LS medium supplemented with a combination of 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 2 mg/L BAP: 3 newly developed auxiliary shoots per explant (i.e., shoot tips or shoot fragments with one node)