Table 1.
Association of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with various diseases
|
Disease
|
Prevalence of SIBO
|
OR
|
| Functional digestive diseases | ||
| Functional dyspepsia | 17.2%-53.4% | 4.3 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 31.0%-36.7% | 3.7 |
| Functional abdominal bloating/distention | 43%-68% | |
| Functional constipation | 78% | |
| Functional diarrhea | 69% | |
| Organic (non-functional) digestive diseases | ||
| Short bowel syndrome | 50% | |
| Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction | 23.7%-52.6% | |
| Lactase deficiency | 27.6% | 5.3 |
| Lactose malabsorption in elderly persons | 90% | 36 |
| Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease | 58.9% | 8.7 |
| Celiac disease | 18.3% | 5.1 |
| Environmental enteric dysfunction | 85.3% | |
| Crohn’s disease | 25.4% | 10.9 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 14.3% | 8.0 |
| Liver diseases | ||
| Cirrhosis | 40.8% | 6.8 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 71.8% | 81.5 |
| Metabolic associated fatty liver disease | 35.0% | 3.8 |
| Primary biliary cholangitis | 32.8% | 18.9 |
| Abdominal surgery | ||
| Bariatric surgery | 37.0%-73.4% | |
| Gastrectomy | 61.6%-77.6% | 16.3 |
| Colectomy | 62%-74% | 3.47 |
| Cholecystectomy | 24.6%-46.8% | 4.5-5.7 |
| Other digestive diseases | ||
| Erosive esophagitis | 65% | 4.0 |
| Helicobacter pylori infection | 60.4% | 3.45 |
| Gastroparesis | 60% | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 38.6% | 5.58 |
| Acute pancreatitis | 12.0%-17.8% | |
| Cystic fibroris | 31.6%-40.0% | |
| Gallstone disease | 14.8%-40.5% | 2.2-26.9 |
| Encopresis | 42% | 2.4 |
| Endocrine and metabolic diseases | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 29% | 4.18 |
| Hypothyroidism | 54% | 22.3 |
| Acromegaly | 43.9% | 22.7 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 78.9% | |
| Nervous diseases | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 38.1% | 4.5 |
| Restless legs syndrome | 69% | 19.8 |
| Azheimer’s disease | 49% | 3.35 |
| Autism | 31.0% | 4.35 |
| Spinal cord injuries | 37.5%-38.5% | |
| Parkinson’s disease | 46% | 5.22 |
| Rheumatic diseases | ||
| Systemic sclerosis | 34% | 12.51 |
| Behçet’s disease | 36% | |
| Spondylarthropathy | 63% | 32.9 |
| Fibromyalgia | 100% | |
| Other diseases | ||
| Allergic asthma | 67% | |
| Non-allergic asthma | 43% | |
| Heart failure | 41.7%-45.0% | 7.14 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 63.3% | 11.2 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 46.7% | 5.7 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 30.8% | |
| Post-COVID-19 irritable bowel syndrome | 93.3% | 9.3 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 69.8% | 3.5 |
| Rosacea | 10%-46% | 16.2 |
SIBO: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; OR: Odds ratio; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.