Table 3.
Major immunochromatographic membrane assays
| Methods/assays | Target(s) | Developer |
Cell cytotoxicity assay
|
Toxigenic culture
|
||
|
Sen, %
|
Spe, %
|
Sen, %
|
Spe, %
|
|||
| Microwell enzyme immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) | ||||||
| GA C. diff Antigen[97] | Toxin A + B | The Binding Site | 76.8 | 90.0 | 68.8 | 91.4 |
| Premier toxin A+B[97-106] | Toxin A + B | Meridian Bioscience | 58-99 | 94-100 | 40-86 | 91-100 |
| Ridascreen toxin A/B[97,107,108] | Toxin A + B | Ridascreen | 57-67 | 95-97 | 52-60 | 96-98 |
| ProSpecT toxin A/B[97,109] | Toxin A + B | Remel/Oxoid (Thermo Scientific) | 90-91 | 93-97 | 82 | 93 |
| Techlab C. diff Chek-60 (GDH)[53,97,110] | GDH | Techlab | 92.0-93.5 | 94.0-98.0 | 88.0-93.0 | 94.0-97.0 |
| TechLab toxin A/B II[81,97,100,109-111] | Toxin A + B | TechLab | 72-91 | 87-100 | 58-85 | 96-99 |
| Membrane enzyme immunoassay | ||||||
| ImmunoCard toxins A/B[41,97,109,112,113] | Toxin A + B | Meridian Bioscience | 85-96 | 97-99 | 41-69 | 93-99 |
| Quick Chek Complete[40,105,112,114-117] | Toxin A + B | TechLab | 50-73 | 100 | 29-79 | 89-100 |
| Remel X/pect C. diff toxin A/B[97,113,118] | Toxin A + B | Remel | 44-83 | 99-100 | 48-69 | 95-99 |
| Tox A/B Quick Check[97,115,119-121] | Toxin A + B | TechLab | 61-84 | 99 | 40-74 | 94-100 |
| Chemiluminescence immunoassay | ||||||
| Liaison C. difficile toxins A and B[122,123] | Toxin A + B | DiaSorin | 88 | 95 | 69-88 | 95-99 |
| Enzyme-linked fluorescent assay | ||||||
| Vidas toxin A and B[97,116,123-128] | Toxin A + B | Vidas | 53-98 | 99-100 | 44-80 | 95-99 |
| Vidas GDH[40,129] | GDH | Vidas | 97 | 87 | 56 | 100 |
Sen: Sensitivity; Sep: Specificity; GDH: Glutamate dehydrogenase; C. difficile or C. diff: Clostridioides difficile.