Table 1.

Summary of Research Concerning Dimorphic Facial Cues and Social Judgment.

Authors and Date	Manipulations on Face Stimuli	Results
Perrett et al. (1998)	Increasing the masculinity of a face’s shape	Increasing masculinity led to higher ratings on dominance and lower ratings on emotionality, warmth, cooperativeness, and honesty.
Pivonkova et al. (2011)	No manipulations, direct rating	Masculine male faces associated with higher dominance and more social boldness.
Wen et al. (2014)	Increasing facial masculinity	Increasing masculinity led to higher ratings of dominance and aggression.
Walker and Wanke (2017)	Presenting masculine and feminine target faces	Masculine faces were perceived as colder and more competent than feminine faces.
Oh et al. (2019)	Applying data-driven computational models on target faces	Masculinity was associated with the impression of competence.