Table 2.
Current and proposed industrial-exoskeleton evaluation standards for manufacturing tasks and mobility.
| Area | Function | Type | Location | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Task | Load/material handling | Lifting | Overhead | ASTM F3443-20 Load handling [31] |
| Static holding | Back | |||
| Carrying | Shoulder | |||
| Dragging | Side(s) | |||
| Endurance | Front | |||
| Symmetric | Pull/push | |||
| Asymmetric | ||||
| Alignment | ||||
| Assembly | Kneeling | Forward low | ||
| Stooping | Forward middle | |||
| Peg-in-hole | Drill/fasten | Forward high | ||
| Down | ||||
| Applied force | Sanding | Hands | ||
| Overhead painting | Shoulder | |||
| Mobility | Movement | Sit to stand | Full body | ASTM F3517-21 Movement [32] |
| (loaded/unloaded) | Gait | ASTM F3528-21 Gait [33] | ||
| Variable terrain | ASTM WK75742 Terrains [38] | |||
| Inclined plane | ASTM WK84258 Incl Plane [39] | |||
| Stairs | ASTM WK76431 Stairs [40] | |||
| Crawling | ASTM WK83509 Crawling [41] | |||
| Transitions | ASTM WK76543 Transitions [42] | |||
| Ingress/egress | ||||
| Climbing | Ladders | ASTM WK84262 Ladders [43] | ||
| Trees | ||||
| Agility | Confined spaces: vertical | ASTM WK81267 Vertical [44] | ||
| Confined spaces: horizontal | ASTM F3523-21 Horizontal [34] | |||
| Obstacle avoidance | ASTM F3584-22 Obst avoid [45] | |||
| Gaps | ASTM F3582-22 Gaps [36] | |||
| Beams | ASTM F3583-22 Beams [35] | |||
| Hurdles | ASTM F3581-22 Hurdles [37] | |||
| Dexterity | Hand dexterity | Hands | ||
| Safety | Fall risk | Stumbling | ASTM F3578-22 Fall risk [46] |