Table 1.
Population characteristics by quartiles of the baseline HRR level.
| Variables | Quartiles of HRR | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 842) | Q1 ( ≤ 7.85) (n = 211) | Q2 (7.86–9.15) (n = 209) | Q3 (9.16–10.16) (n = 211) | Q4 (≥10.17) (n = 211) | ||
| Demographic | ||||||
| Female, n (%) | 471 (55.9) | 136 (64.5) | 151 (72.2) | 111 (52.6) | 73 (34.6) | < 0.001 |
| Age, years | 61.2 ± 14.9 | 64.4 ± 15.2 | 63.3 ± 16.0 | 59.8 ± 13.5 | 57.3 ± 13.5 | < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.022 | |||||
| Asian | 32 (3.8) | 8 (3.8) | 9 (4.3) | 8 (3.8) | 7 (3.3) | |
| White | 507 (60.2) | 109 (51.7) | 128 (61.2) | 135 (64) | 135 (64) | |
| Black | 68 (8.1) | 30 (14.2) | 16 (7.7) | 13 (6.2) | 9 (4.3) | |
| Other | 235 (27.9) | 64 (30.3) | 56 (26.8) | 55 (26.1) | 60 (28.4) | |
| Vital signs | ||||||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 78.7 ± 13.1 | 81.5 ± 14.3 | 77.3 ± 12.4 | 77.2 ± 12.4 | 78.7 ± 12.7 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 125.3 ± 12.9 | 123.4 ± 14.3 | 126.1 ± 12.6 | 125.2 ± 13.6 | 126.5 ± 10.8 | 0.069 |
| DBP, mmHg | 64.3 ± 8.9 | 61.7 ± 9.2 | 62.2 ± 8.6 | 65.7 ± 7.7 | 67.5 ± 8.7 | < 0.001 |
| MBP, mmHg | 82.5 ± 8.6 | 80.2 ± 8.9 | 81.9 ± 8.6 | 83.9 ± 8.3 | 84.1 ± 8.0 | < 0.001 |
| RR, times/min | 18.2 ± 3.2 | 18.9 ± 3.5 | 17.9 ± 2.9 | 17.7 ± 3.1 | 18.0 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
| Temperature, °C | 37.0 ± 0.5 | 37.0 ± 0.7 | 37.0 ± 0.4 | 37.0 (36.8, 37.3) | 37.0 (36.8, 37.3) | 0.383 |
| SpO2, % | 97.5 ± 1.9 | 97.8 ± 2.0 | 97.8 ± 1.8 | 97.2 ± 2.1 | 97.2 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 61 (7.2) | 21 (10) | 17 (8.1) | 11 (5.2) | 12 (5.7) | 0.203 |
| Congestive heart failure | 70 (8.3) | 34 (16.1) | 13 (6.2) | 16 (7.6) | 7 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 122 (14.5) | 38 (18) | 36 (17.2) | 26 (12.3) | 22 (10.4) | 0.072 |
| Paraplegia | 139 (16.5) | 44 (20.9) | 38 (18.2) | 32 (15.2) | 25 (11.8) | 0.075 |
| Renal disease | 54 (6.4) | 35 (16.6) | 9 (4.3) | 5 (2.4) | 5 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 423 (50.2) | 105 (49.8) | 117 (56) | 101 (47.9) | 100 (47.4) | 0.269 |
| Diabetes | 39 (4.6) | 15 (7.1) | 10 (4.8) | 9 (4.3) | 5 (2.4) | 0.142 |
| Sepsis | 424 (50.4) | 127 (60.2) | 116 (55.5) | 98 (46.4) | 83 (39.3) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) | 5.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 6.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory results | ||||||
| Platelets, 109/L | 230.0 (187.0, 280.8) | 219.0 (161.5, 284.5) | 238.0 (188.0, 279.0) | 232.0 (191.5, 276.0) | 231.0 (193.5, 281.5) | 0.186 |
| WBC, 109/L | 12.9 (9.9, 16.5) | 12.9 (8.9, 17.2) | 12.5 (10.0, 15.9) | 12.7 (10.0, 15.3) | 14.0 (10.8, 17.3) | 0.046 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 12.2 ± 1.9 | 9.9 ± 1.4 | 11.7 ± 0.8 | 12.8 ± 0.7 | 14.2 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
| RDW, % | 13.9 ± 1.6 | 15.6 ± 2.1 | 13.6 ± 0.8 | 13.3 ± 0.7 | 12.9 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 130.9 (113.4, 153.5) | 128.6 (110.6, 158.7) | 135.6 (114.0, 150.8) | 129.0 (113.2, 151.0) | 131.8 (114.6, 154.0) | 0.756 |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 8.7 (8.3, 9.1) | 8.6 (8.2, 9.1) | 8.7 (8.3, 9.1) | 8.7 (8.4, 9.0) | 8.9 (8.6, 9.2) | < 0.001 |
| MCH, pg | 30.5 (29.2, 31.8) | 29.5 (27.1, 30.9) | 30.4 (29.3, 31.6) | 30.7 (29.6, 31.8) | 31.2 (29.9, 32.4) | < 0.001 |
| PT, s | 12.6 (11.7, 13.8) | 13.6 (12.2, 15.8) | 12.5 (11.8, 13.4) | 12.3 (11.5, 13.1) | 12.4 (11.6, 13.4) | < 0.001 |
| APTT, s | 28.8 (25.9, 33.1) | 29.6 (26.9, 36.7) | 28.4 (25.6, 32.8) | 27.8 (25.6, 31.6) | 29.1 (26.4, 32.0) | 0.003 |
| Therapy, n (%) | ||||||
| Norepinephrine | 30 (3.6) | 17 (8.1) | 5 (2.4) | 4 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressin | 8 (1.0) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 3 (1.4) | 0.193 |
| Ventilation | 429 (51.0) | 130 (61.6) | 111 (53.1) | 95 (45) | 93 (44.1) | < 0.001 |
| Clipping of aneurysm | 35 (4.2) | 6 (2.8) | 10 (4.8) | 13 (6.2) | 6 (2.8) | 0.410 |
| Endovascular therapy of aneurysm | 201 (23.9) | 44 (20.9) | 60 (28.7) | 53 (25.1) | 44 (20.9) | 0.050 |
| Scores | ||||||
| GCS | 12.0 (7.0, 14.0) | 10.0 (7.0, 14.0) | 10.0 (6.0, 14.0) | 13.0 (8.0, 14.0) | 13.0 (7.5, 14.0) | < 0.001 |
| WFNS | 0.003 | |||||
| I | 127 (15.1) | 24 (11.4) | 27 (12.9) | 39 (18.5) | 37 (17.5) | |
| II | 172 (20.4) | 32 (15.2) | 33 (15.8) | 50 (23.7) | 57 (27) | |
| III | 115 (13.7) | 29 (13.7) | 26 (12.4) | 34 (16.1) | 26 (12.3) | |
| IV | 185 (22.0) | 51 (24.2) | 57 (27.3) | 39 (18.5) | 38 (18) | |
| V | 243 (28.9) | 75 (35.5) | 66 (31.6) | 49 (23.2) | 53 (25.1) | |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Delayed cerebral ischemia | 64 (7.60%) | 7 (3.32%) | 14 (6.70%) | 19 (9.00%) | 24 (11.37%) | 0.014 |
| Hydrocephalus | 77(9.14) | 19 (9.00%) | 18 (8.61%) | 16 (7.58%) | 24 (11.37%) | 0.581 |
| Length of ICU stay, days | 7.0 (2.9, 12.9) | 5.9 (2.7, 11.9) | 7.5 (2.9, 13.8) | 6.8 (3.2, 13.8) | 7.1 (2.6, 12.7) | 0.408 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 11.3 (6.7, 18.7) | 11.8 (6.0, 19.9) | 12.1 (7.4, 19.3) | 10.8 (6.2, 17.1) | 10.5 (6.7, 16.4) | 0.275 |
| In-hospital mortality | 166 (19.7) | 71 (33.6) | 35 (16.7) | 29 (13.7) | 31 (14.7) | < 0.001 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, percutaneous oxygen saturation; HRR, hemoglobin/red cell distribution width; WBC, white blood cell; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; GCS, Glasgow coma score; WFNS, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies; ICU, Intensive care unit; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage.