. 2023 Jun 28;21:164. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01134-z

Table 10.

Intratumoural microbiota that can be used in biotherapeutics

Intratumoural microbiota	Mechanism	Cancer	References
Enterococcus faecalis,Bacteroides, xylanisolvens,Bacteroides ovatus	Elevated levels of TFα antigen-specific antibodies	Colorectal cancer	[126–128],
E.coli Nissle 1917	The engineered commensal Escherichia coli bound specifically to the heparan sulphate proteoglycan on colorectal cancer cells and secreted the enzyme myrosinase to transform host-ingested glucosinolates to sulphoraphane, an organic small molecule with known anticancer activity	Colorectal cancer	[129]
Salmonella	1.Inducing the infiltration of abundant immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils via TLR4 signaling 2. The secretion of FlaB by Salmonella induces the activation of phenotype and function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with M1 phenotype, while simultaneously suppressing the M2-like inhibitory activity	Colorectal cancer, Melanoma	[131]

Intratumoural microbiota

Mechanism

Cancer

References

Enterococcus faecalis,Bacteroides, xylanisolvens,Bacteroides ovatus

Elevated levels of TFα antigen-specific antibodies

Colorectal cancer

[126–128],

E.coli Nissle 1917

The engineered commensal Escherichia coli bound specifically to the heparan sulphate proteoglycan on colorectal cancer cells and secreted the enzyme myrosinase to transform host-ingested glucosinolates to sulphoraphane, an organic small molecule with known anticancer activity

Colorectal cancer

[129]

Salmonella

1.Inducing the infiltration of abundant immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils via TLR4 signaling

2. The secretion of FlaB by Salmonella induces the activation of phenotype and function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with M1 phenotype, while simultaneously suppressing the M2-like inhibitory activity

Colorectal cancer, Melanoma

[131]